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Small external or environmental perturbations induce strain in adjacent 2D semiconductors, yet sustaining large elastic deformations without fracture. This makes strain a uniquely powerful lever for reconfiguring lattice structure and deterministically tuning band structure, carrier transport, and excitonic responses. In this review, we survey experimental methodologies for quantifying and mapping local strain in 2D semiconductors, and summarize state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art strategies for imparting strain, including substrate\u2010mediated deformation, patterned stressors, and interlayer\u2010interaction\u2010driven strain in stacked vdW heterostructures. Building on these foundations, we discuss how advances in precise local strain control are informing new device concepts and outline pathways for integrating strain programmability into scalable architectures. 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