{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:50:59Z","timestamp":1791985859638,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Heterostructure engineering has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting applications among numerous design principles for novel catalysts. The strong built\u2010in potential, large surface\u2010active sites, and interfacial electronic structure coupling promote the charge transfer process of the heterostructures, making them ideal catalysts for electrochemical energy generation. Nonetheless, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of the van der Waals heterostructure catalysts significantly lags behind that of commercial Pt group catalysts, especially under alkaline conditions. Herein, we successfully developed a Ru\u2010degenerate doped WS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (Ru\u2010WS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2010n<\/jats:italic>\n                    junction heterostructure catalyst, demonstrating its exceptional HER activity and good stability in an alkaline medium. The WS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Ru\u2010WS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    heterostructures, with ideal factors of 1.8 and 1.7, display rectification behavior, indicating the formation of a\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2010n<\/jats:italic>\n                    junction diode. The Ru\u2010WS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2010n<\/jats:italic>\n                    junction heterostructure catalyst delivers a 10 mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    current density at a remarkable overpotential of 47\u00a0mV vs. RHE with a low Tafel slope of 25 mV dec\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , outperforming the standard Pt\/C catalyst in 1\u00a0\n                    <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                    KOH electrolyte. Further, the same electrode required 1.43\u00a0V to deliver a 10 mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    current density in a symmetric full cell water electrolyzer. This work opens the pathway for the development of 2D materials\u2010based low\u2010cost and highly efficient heterostructure catalysts for electrochemical energy generation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202512923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:40:43Z","timestamp":1770900043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Robust Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution From Ru\u2010degenerate Doped WS\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \/WSe\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    <i>p\u2010n<\/i>\n                    Junction Heterostructure Electrocatalyst"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Karthi","family":"Sekar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology  Vellore Tamil Nadu 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