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Yet, traditional cellulose sutures are non\u2010absorbable because humans lack cellulase. Herein, cellulose\u2010based threads were fabricated using cellulose formate (CF) and collagen (optimal weight ratio 1:1) with surface modification by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). By incorporating collagen, the strength and toughness of the CF threads were enhanced to match commercial collagen sutures. Moreover, during physiological degradation, a small amount of released formic acid led to the conversion of 11.6% CF to glucose within 56 days, and glucose can be absorbed and utilized by the human body. This finding demonstrates its remarkable degradability and absorbability in vivo. Meanwhile, this thread offers tunable absorbability (in vitro strength loss &gt; 50% within 21\u201349 days, by adjusting the polymerization degree and substitution degree of CF), aligning with the definition of absorbable sutures and matching the actual healing time of most wounds. Compared to absorbable collagen sutures, this novel CF\u2010based thread exhibits superior antibacterial properties and comparable biocompatibility with cells and blood. Besides, it causes minimal inflammatory responses and promotes faster wound healing in vivo experiments. Therefore, this green cellulose\u2010based thread shows great potential as an absorbable suture for advanced surgical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:45:58Z","timestamp":1768826758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cellulose Formate\u2010Based Surgical Sutures With Tunable Absorbability and Enhanced Biocompatibility"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0503-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Municipal Hiser Hospital)  Qingdao China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory System Integration Engineering Center Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxiang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory System Integration Engineering Center Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Municipal Hiser Hospital)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Municipal Hiser Hospital)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Municipal Hiser Hospital)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Municipal Hiser Hospital)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Rahmaninia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wood and Paper Science and Technology Department Faculty of Natural Resources Tarbiat Modares University  Noor Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Sugar\/Sugar Alcohol Weifang Engineering Research Center Gaomi Tongli Sugar Co., Ltd.  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