{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:30:38Z","timestamp":1790886638388,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"49","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous, with distinct subtypes\u2014luminal A, HER2\u2010positive, and triple\u2010negative\u2014each exhibiting unique behaviors and treatment responses. Accurate identification of these subtypes is essential for guiding personalized therapies and improving outcomes. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells, have emerged as critical biomarkers for cancer diagnostics due to their pivotal role in intercellular communication and their rich molecular cargo reflective of cell origin. However, current exosome\u2010based biosensors struggle to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes, limiting their effectiveness in precision medicine. To address this challenge, we have developed an innovative droplet\u2010microarray platform integrated with a DNase I\u2010assisted MoS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    FRET aptasensor for multiplexed profiling of breast cancer exosome subtypes (luminal A, HER2\u2010positive, and triple\u2010negative). This platform targets three key protein biomarkers\u2014HER2, MUC1, and CD44\u2014leveraging the high specificity of aptamers and the sensitivity of DNase I\u2010assisted signal amplification. Our approach enables high\u2010resolution differentiation of breast tumor exosome profiles with an impressive limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 10\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    particles\/mL. Application of this aptasensor to clinical samples demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy for breast cancer subtype discrimination (luminal A: AUC = 0.95; HER2\u2010positive: AUC = 0.99; triple\u2010negative: AUC = 0.90). By enabling precise identification of breast cancer subtypes, our approach holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and guiding personalized treatment strategies. This advancement represents a significant step forward in the application of exosome\u2010based diagnostics in precision oncology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:45:25Z","timestamp":1783403125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Droplet\u2010Microarray Platform for Multiplex Profiling of Breast Cancer Exosome Subtypes in Patients\u2019 Blood Plasma Samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China"},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruolin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China"},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University  Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyan","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Renmin Hospital Hubei University of Medicine  Shiyan Hubei P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences) Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3863-8187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China"},{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen P. R. China"},{"name":"Joint Research Center of Biosensing and Precision Theranostics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China"},{"name":"Research Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. 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