{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:01:05Z","timestamp":1790326865007,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24YF2744400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YF2744400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92557304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92557304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82421001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82421001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W2511090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W2511090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    With global population aging, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prevalence has risen, with one\u2010quarter of patients showing inadequate treatment response or drug resistance (DR) and no reliable noninvasive diagnostic method currently available. Current methods rely on clinical experience, delaying precision management. We developed a nanoparticle\u2010enhanced mass spectrometry platform to analyze serum and urine metabolomics in 224 BPH patients (104 DR, 120 drug\u2010sensitive [DS]). Using gradient\u2010boosted decision trees (GBDT), we integrated dual\u2010biofluid metabolic fingerprints (serum and urine) to distinguish DR\/DS subgroups. The platform enabled rapid analysis (&lt;25\u00a0s\/sample, 1\u00a0\u00b5L volume) with high reproducibility (\n                    <jats:italic>CV<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a010%). SMF yielded a five\u2010feature panel including five putatively annotated DR\u2010associated metabolites, achieving an\n                    <jats:italic>AUC<\/jats:italic>\n                    of 0.89 for DR detection. UMF analysis yielded 3 features (\n                    <jats:italic>AUC<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.81). Critically, combining SMF\/UMF data (8\u2010feature panel) enhanced diagnostic performance to\n                    <jats:italic>AUC<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.95 (95% CI: 0.91\u20130.96), outperforming single\u2010biofluid models. This dual\u2010biofluid metabolomic approach provides a noninvasive, rapid method for BPH\u2010DR stratification, integrating systemic (serum) and local (urine) metabolic insights. The platform's scalability and 0.95\n                    <jats:italic>AUC<\/jats:italic>\n                    highlight its potential for clinical translation, offering a foundation for personalized BPH management and reducing reliance on invasive procedures. Notably, multicenter external validation further supported the model's discriminative performance in an independent cohort.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:07:05Z","timestamp":1790323625000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual\u2010Biofluid Metabolomics Combined With Machine Learning Enables Noninvasive Diagnosis of Drug Resistance in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Shilong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haisong","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengbang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1666-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai People's Republic 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V.Sciacqua A.Vanzulli R.Di Meo et\u00a0al. \u201cMinimally Invasive Treatment in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) \u201dTechnology in Cancer Research & Treatment22(2023): Artn.15330338231155000 10.1177\/15330338231155000.","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338231155000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JU.0001110064.72214.9d.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2021.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological and Andrological Diseases, 2022 Edition","author":"Huang J.","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202513614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202513614","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202513614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T08:07:08Z","timestamp":1790323628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202513614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202513614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202513614","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13614"}}