{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T18:56:40Z","timestamp":1781463400342,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"28","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009780","name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression and contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D), but establishing causality requires targeted modulation of specific genes. CRISPR\u2010dCas9\u2010based tools offer this potential, yet \u03b2\u2010cells are notoriously difficult to transfect, and efficient, non\u2010viral delivery methods are lacking. Here, we developed nanopore\u2010mediated electroporation to deliver a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system to clonal INS1 \u03b2\u2010cells, achieving targeted downregulation of insulin expression. Cells were seeded atop a nanopore substrate with CRISPRi plasmids in solution below. Mild electric pulses generated transient nanoscale pores in the membrane, enabling electrophoretic delivery of plasmids into the cytosol while preserving high cell viability. The CRISPRi system comprised the transcriptional repressor Krueppel\u2010associated Box Domain (KRAB) fused to an inactive Cas9 (dCas9), guided to the transcription start site of the insulin\u20101 gene (\n                    <jats:italic>Ins1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) by a single guide RNA (sgRNA). After transfection,\n                    <jats:italic>Ins1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was significantly reduced, demonstrating effective modulation of gene expression in this difficult\u2010to\u2010transfect cell type. This nanopore electroporation approach provides a robust, safe, and efficient platform for delivering CRISPR\u2010dCas9\u2010based epigenetic editors in pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cells. By enabling precise gene regulation, it opens avenues for mechanistic studies of epigenetic contributions to T2D and potentially other challenging cell systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:55:56Z","timestamp":1774515356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanopore Electroporation: A New Delivery Method Within the Field of Epigenetic Editing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Frida","family":"Ekstrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund Lund University  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Ruhrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science in Malm\u00f6 Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit Lund University, Scania University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Bacos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science in Malm\u00f6 Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit Lund University, Scania University Hospital  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Bartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pytrick","family":"Jellema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne 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