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Inspired by the oral mucosa, a wet\u2010adhesion Janus hydrogel (WAJH) with asymmetric bifunctionalities of antifouling\/antioxidant was proposed for diabetic oral ulcer treatment. In the WAJH, the antifouling layer was composed of the agar\/polyacrylamide double\u2010network (Agar\/PAAm DN) hydrogel, and the wet\u2010adhesive layer was constructed by the poly(acrylic acid\u2010co\u20102\u2010phenoxyethyl acrylate)\/tannic acid (PAEA\/TA) hydrogel. The antifouling layer mimicked the oral epithelium to prevent pollutant invasion, and the adhesive layer imitated the basement membrane of oral mucosa to adhere firmly to wet diabetic oral ulcers. Importantly, the adhesion energies of the two layers were distinctly different, measuring 15 J m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    for the antifouling layer and 316 J m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    for the adhesive layer, respectively. Notably, TA not only significantly enhanced the toughness and wet adhesion but also endowed the WAJH with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and antioxidant capabilities. The WAJH remarkably accelerated the healing of oral ulcer by inhibiting inflammation at the ulcer, promoting angiogenesis, and promoting re\u2010epithelialization in vivo. Consequently, the WAJH with antifouling and antioxidant exhibited promising prospects in the clinical treatment of diabetic oral ulcer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T19:19:43Z","timestamp":1771442383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Oral Mucosa\u2010Inspired Wet\u2010Adhesion Janus Hydrogel With Asymmetric Bifunctionalities of Antifouling\/Antioxidant for Treating Oral Ulcer in Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yitian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology The First Affiliated Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. 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