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Nevertheless, its widespread application is hindered by significant volume fluctuations during sodiation\/desodiation, leading to mechanical degradation, unstable solid\u2010electrolyte interphase (SEI), and rapid capacity fading. Herein, a rational composite design is developed by confining nano\u2010Sn within a bamboo\u2010derived porous carbon matrix through a facile melt\u2010impregnation strategy, followed by coating with a pitch\u2010derived carbon layer. This hierarchical architecture not only accommodates the large volume variation of Sn but also mitigates unnecessary side reactions by limiting direct electrolyte contact. Moreover, the multimodal pore system provides spatially separated domains: open meso\/macropores for Sn encapsulation and closed micropores for efficient Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    storage, enabling both mechanisms to operate synergistically without interference. As a result, the optimized Sn@PC\/C electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 447.5 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 0.03 A g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0with a remarkable initial Coulombic efficiency of 90.4%, and demonstrates outstanding long\u2010term cyclability, retaining 77.5% of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 0.9 A g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . When paired with a NFPP cathode, the full cell maintains over 80% capacity after 500 cycles at 0.3 A g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , substantially outperforming the control cell. The scalable synthesis combined with the multimodal\u2010pore domain concept offers a compelling pathway toward high\u2010performance alloy\u2010based anodes for next\u2010generation SIBs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T11:47:22Z","timestamp":1769514442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Confinement and Encapsulation of Nano\u2010Sn in a Multimodal Porous Carbon Matrix for High\u2010Performance Sodium\u2010Ion Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhouhao","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University  Changsha P. R. 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