{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:45:56Z","timestamp":1787870756107,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB4200200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB4200200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23JCYBJC01620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JCYBJC01620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22JCYBJC01300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JCYBJC01300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62074084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62074084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62274098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62274098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dopant\u2010free materials with wide\u2010bandgap are promising alternatives to n\u2010type or p\u2010type amorphous silicon (a\u2010Si) contacts in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. They offering strong carrier selectivity through favorable band alignment, negligible parasitic absorption, and full compatibility with low\u2010temperature processing. However, implementing such contacts on the front side remains challenging because optical losses, contact resistivity, and gird patterns should be balanced carefully. Here, these constraints are overcome through an interfacial design that integrates a lithium phosphate (Li\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) electron\u2010selective layer, a low\u2010work function magnesium fluoride (MgF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) anti\u2010reflection coating, and a grid with buried Al\/Li\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    contact. Upon annealing, the patterned metal grid confines Al diffusion to localized contact regions, while the MgF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    overlayer promotes downward band bending at the c\u2010Si interface. Meanwhile, phosphorus self\u2010diffusion within Li\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduces the contact resistivity, and the recovery of hydrogen passivation in intrinsic a\u2010Si:H further suppresses interfacial defect states. These effects yield an interface that combines excellent passivation with low resistive loss. As a result, the devices achieve a power conversion efficiency of 23.81% (V\n                    <jats:sub>OC<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 715.2 mV, J\n                    <jats:sub>SC<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 40.65 mA\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , FF = 81.9%), representing the highest reported efficiency for SHJ solar cells with a front contact by dopant\u2010free materials. This work highlights the potential of wide\u2010bandgap compounds on the illuminated side and provides a viable route toward next\u2010generation high\u2010efficiency silicon solar technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202513992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:39:37Z","timestamp":1768826377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Heterojunction Solar Cells With Buried Al Grids and Li\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    PO\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    Electron Selective Contacts Approaching 24% Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai University  Tianjin P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells  Tianjin P. R. China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology Ministry of Education  Tianjin P. R. China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy  Tianjin P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai University  Tianjin P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Solar Cells  Tianjin P. R. China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology Ministry of Education  Tianjin P. R. China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy  Tianjin P. R. 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