{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:51:59Z","timestamp":1781527919765,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"29","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In solution\u2010processed organic light\u2010emitting diodes (OLEDs), carrier injection imbalance and interfacial quenching persist as major hurdles, primarily due to the hole\u2010dominated transport in polymer\u2010based emitters. Here, we introduce a simple but highly effective post\u2010fabrication strategy for enhancing charge balance and device performance by chemically modifying ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO\u2010NPs) through acetone immersion. This treatment selectively passivates oxygen vacancy\u2013related trap states at the ZnO NPs surface, resulting in improved electron injection and restored hole\u2010blocking behavior, without disrupting the device structure or layer interfaces. Comprehensive analyses, including X\u2010ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and transient electroluminescence (EL) measurements, confirm the defect passivation mechanism and its impact on charge injection dynamics. Acetone\u2010treated OLEDs exhibit reduced turn\u2010on voltage, significantly higher luminance (exceeding 44\u00a0000\u00a0cd\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and enhanced efficiency across all RGB subpixels, while maintaining spectral purity. Furthermore, this method enables scalable fabrication of ultra\u2010high\u2010resolution RGB pixel arrays on a large scale without requiring additional functional layers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T10:52:11Z","timestamp":1775559131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Surface\u2010Engineered ZnO Nanoparticles via Acetone Immersion for Charge\u2010Balanced High Resolution Full\u2010Color Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Changhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Soongsil University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo\u2010Bin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Display Convergence Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryungyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Soongsil University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Soongsil University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae\u2010Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Display Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang\u2010Kun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Display Convergence Engineering 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