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Here, we report a neuromorphic photodetector that not only emulates this self\u2010adaptive functionality, but surpasses human vision by enabling dynamic gain regulation across the infrared\u2013polarization domain. Using a gate\u2010tunable Au\/BP\/PdSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH), we achieve eye\u2010like nonlinear gain compression via electrostatic barrier reconfiguration, which enables dynamic modulation of both the response area and responsivity. Integrated with a neural\u2010network\u2010based microcontroller, the system forms a device\u2010level closed\u2010loop that autonomously adjusts optical gain in real time. This expands the linear dynamic range (LDR) by three orders of magnitude, reaching \u223c80\u00a0dB at 1550\u00a0nm, with sub\u2010millisecond response and intrinsic polarization sensitivity (PR\u00a0&gt;\u00a010)\u2014all without external optics or analog circuitry. 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