{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T06:43:56Z","timestamp":1782024236997,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62274088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62274088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62288102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62288102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All\u2010optical synapses (AOS) that integrate sensing and processing of photonic signals represent a transformative frontier for optical computing and neuromorphic imaging. Most existing AOSs are limited to unidirectional weight modulation, achieving both excitation and inhibition output through all\u2010optical pathway remains a challenge. Here we report a dual\u2010photon\u2010mediated strategy that achieving bidirectional neuroplasticity within a phosphorescent and photothermal carbon dot hybrid (CDH) neurotransmitter. This regulatory process employs ultraviolet and infrared light manipulation to achieve controllable exciton release and superposition of phosphorescent emission, thereby enabling neurophotonic potentiation and depression output. These features enable the CDH to realize optical logic operation and neurovision with real\u2010time tracking and recognition of light objects, including motion trajectory, velocity, and direction, with a high accuracy of 97%. This work offers an all\u2010optical regulation method to innovate phosphorescent paradigm for all\u2010optical computing and imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:46:06Z","timestamp":1775803566000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bidirectional All\u2010Optical Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing and Vision"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zifan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhui","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdan","family":"Dun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &amp; Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010018\u20100076\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101157\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2010.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20101942\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/323533a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028702\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010025\u201001621\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat8084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4278"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010021\u201000903\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010023\u201001330\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010021\u201000891\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028927\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010024\u201001549\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay5853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202102323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010021\u201001003\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010022\u201000747\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba6173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02278"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi5104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010020\u20100797\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566\u2010024\u201001538\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201048836\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201048744\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202103677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111311"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202510934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201901991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202300446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c03994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033474\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202006781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201814629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377\u2010022\u201000837\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010020\u20100223\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b02176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.01.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202303248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201054845\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi4083"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202514627","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202514627","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202514627","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:24:36Z","timestamp":1781533476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202514627"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202514627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202514627","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14627"}}