{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:50:31Z","timestamp":1791593431341,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":253,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52303190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52303190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ23H060001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ23H060001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by heterogeneity, is increasing annually owing to factors such as population aging and obesity, which present growing health and economic burdens. Traditional therapies can only slow the progression of OA. The substantial adverse effects of the classical route of administration and complications associated with surgery have highlighted the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. As an innovative breakthrough in the field of OA treatment, hydrogel microsphere technology can be used to build a biomimetic microenvironment for cartilage regeneration and establish intelligent drug release owing to its precisely regulated physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility. This review first examines the changes in the joint microenvironment and injection barriers caused by OA. The requisite properties of hydrogel microspheres for OA treatment are summarized, and their preparation methods, structural characteristics, and modification strategies are explored. Furthermore, we discuss their application as delivery systems and address the current challenges and future perspectives to enhance their therapeutic efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:26:11Z","timestamp":1773217571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intra\u2010Articular Injectable Hydrogel Microsphere\u2010Based Drug Delivery System for Osteoarthritis Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yuting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Ningxia Medical University  Yinchuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Naval Medical University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Key Laboratory For Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanchi","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4310-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Key Laboratory For Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silk and Silk Protein New Materials Institute of Sericulture and Tea Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7429-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010025\u201000594\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(24)02322\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.3698"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.19319"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2025.1359"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)32531\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)31665\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102011\u2010000435"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123195"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.139716"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44385\u2010025\u201000011\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010025\u201001223\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101471\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FRICT.2025.9440908"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.02.618"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101697"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2025.104955"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.08.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107122"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010025\u201001275\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard\u20102023\u2010224420"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2024.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100223"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00838"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010023\u201000966\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2020.1870231"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010025\u201001236\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202422280"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2409729122"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S93554"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217815"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115552"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70290"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202504727"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MH01020A"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102690"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102674"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123227"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010024\u201001125\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20230029"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2024.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0464"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303794"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2020.1833018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129862"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202517083"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2025.100913"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c22415"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142832"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md13085156"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.163776"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124738"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140612"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133526"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144720"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142634"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202101479"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101919"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132458"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09506608241280419"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123870"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2025.214345"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127143"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126573"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119720"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.12.922"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197\u2010017\u20102597\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20220038"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758\u20105090\/ab063f"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20220019"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124407"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM00104J"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20220011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c11840"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140058"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.698282"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123595"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2025.114948"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00581"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c00713"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.858656"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b07310"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.01.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.06.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2023.112407"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11080407"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2024.2304952"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121611"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.143746"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2015.1015985"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.5c06860"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202209041"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222\u2010025\u201000321\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00960"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1561708"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061259"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11706\u2010023\u20100655\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2022.103988"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8MH01208C"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23589"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120748"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20230133"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8070454"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160861"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7040182"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094578"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.103725"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147402"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB01698H"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01788"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c09576"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44347\u2010025\u201000017\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123326"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01671"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl6449"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01745"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.133860"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201059278\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000454"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132501"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427\u2010019\u20100130\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202200425"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3bm00292f"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c08202"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels7040206"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201500058"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129352"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2020.0282"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c03963"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d3sm01009k"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123374"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b01098"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202410951"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TB00077F"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9030230"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c16577"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB01672F"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00411"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202500009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2024.343427"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951\u2010023\u201002050\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418951"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.109956"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2021.1938756"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100394"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.4c02487"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.70010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC01018K"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202103339"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.70002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20210036"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.933901"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010019\u20100148\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/micronano.2017.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901862"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201010406\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140375"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132607"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201802342"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758\u20105090\/aa703c"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1758\u20105090\/aacb95"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12336\/biomatertransl.2024.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.07.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00350"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4PY00792A"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500439"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201103357"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500758"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c01612"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202200030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202002118"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.154798"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202202510"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5c02095"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202405943"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.137228"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2014.04.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202207211"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/SMMD.20220012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119126"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1248"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2022.101478"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.2c00350"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202000593"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CC00314C"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b04827"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00848"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c00324"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.06.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202502637"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308599"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202505544"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202202156"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c01184"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402477"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202515734"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2022.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101127"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201041594\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202414555"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584\u2010022\u201000749\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.64152"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smmd.70006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2023.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951\u2010025\u201003544\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/284873"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2024.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413156"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.109468"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500964"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427\u2010021\u201000351\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114049"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202514752","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202514752","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202514752","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T07:09:16Z","timestamp":1776841756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202514752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":253,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202514752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202514752","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14752"}}