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However, the influence of protein conformational dynamics and soft molecular confinement on NCs formation is often overlooked. Here, we address this question using lysozyme, a protein with defined cysteine quantity and conformation sensitivity as template. Evidenced by circular dichroism, zeta potential measurements, and small\u2010angle neutron scattering, conformational changes in lysozyme, manifested as residue rearrangement, unfolding, oligomerization and globular loosening, collectively modulate local microenvironment, thereby governing the coordination and growth behavior of Au species. Ostwald ripening of NCs growth captured by time\u2010resolved optical spectroscopy and matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry show atomic precision. Tuning conformation by pH, Au\u2500S coordination and NCs ripening pathways are governed with distinct kinetic characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that dynamic conformation of the protein template actively governs ion coordination and NCs formation. Contrast to conventional heterogeneous catalyst systems, typically based on rigid, extended nanoparticle or single\u2010atom architectures, this work provides direct evidence that ripening can proceed within soft, biomolecular confinement and is modulated by conformation. This study expands the conceptual boundaries of classical ripening theory and provides a mechanistic framework for protein\u2010directed synthesis in soft and dynamic environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:54:01Z","timestamp":1769007241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conformation\u2010Governed Ostwald Ripening of Protein\u2010Templated Gold Nanoclusters with Atomic Resolution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhenghan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin Paing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 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Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiankai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of HongKong (Shenzhen)  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3254-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore 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