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Among these hardware solutions, reconfigurable and low\u2010power synaptic memtransistors are regarded as promising candidates for building high\u2010energy\u2010efficiency brain\u2010like systems. Here, we fabricated an ultra\u2010low\u2010power, reconfigurable optoelectronic memtransistor using a vertical Nb\u2010doped WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (Nb\u2010WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\/Te van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure. Under optical stimulation, the device can reproducibly emulate paired\u2010pulse facilitation, short\u2010term plasticity, and long\u2010term plasticity, offering programmable AND\/OR logic via combined photoelectronic control. Critically, the single\u2010pulse energy consumption can decrease below 1 aJ, demonstrating excellent energy efficiency for optoelectronic synapses (about 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the biological synapse). Utilizing wavelength\u2010selective light pulses, we further emulate Pavlovian associative learning, highlighting the device's capability for multimodal synaptic conditioning. Finally, when used as the building block of a convolutional neural network (CNN), the memtransistor array achieves 92.32% accuracy on the CIFAR\u201010 benchmark. It retains 72.75% accuracy under multilevel noise, demonstrating strong classification performance and robustness. These results indicate that Nb\u2010WSe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Te vdW memtransistors are a promising candidate for constructing ultra\u2010low\u2010power, reconfigurable neuromorphic and brain\u2010inspired computing hardware.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T08:29:42Z","timestamp":1775204982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultra\u2010Low\u2010Power and Reconfigurable Optoelectronic Memtransistor Based on Vertical Nb\u2010WSe\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \/Te van der Waals Heterostructure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Ocean University of China  Qingdao Shandong 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2014-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Ocean University of China  Qingdao Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588\u2010021\u201000184\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101677\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201035160\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c03240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b05271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010017\u20100006\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201600510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.487936"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201506363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201903480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06932"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14070583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045670\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.70092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201803563"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201803728"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC00316F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-matsci-070214-020901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201603994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201055160\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44335-025-00023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar4002312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00851"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS90037A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c02167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl501275p"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl501638a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010018\u20100058\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201016125\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.7b01717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c21946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2025.102908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.4c00397"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202423333"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201702377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav3430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0365110X6700341X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.22.2968"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NA00507G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.3c00654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201603726"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2020.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201060970\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201046246\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201903558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378\u2010023\u201000566\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853\u2010024\u201009333\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserte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