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These p\u2010block\u2010based materials exhibit unique characteristics, such as oxophilicity, weak hydrogen adsorption, and flexible electronic tuning, which rival those of Pt\u2010group metals. Several morphologies (single\u2010atom catalysts, pure metals, alloys, compounds, and doped systems) have achieved remarkable catalytic efficiencies and selectivity utilizing p\u2010block metals. Recent advances have focused on tailoring the electronic band, surface morphology, and coordination environments, significantly enhancing catalytic stability and activity. Mechanistic studies highlight deviations from traditional d\u2010band scaling relationships, offering novel design strategies for reaction\u2010specific optimization. However, challenges remain. Achieving industrially relevant current densities, long\u2010term stability, and scalable synthesis remains troublesome. This review synthesizes recent progress in p\u2010block metal\u2010based electrocatalysts across various morphologies to identify performance and mechanistic trends for energy conversion applications (e.g., oxygen reduction, nitrate reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction reactions). Critical research directions are identified, and fundamental gaps in p\u2010block metal research are discussed. By establishing the core understanding, future research can focus on untapping the potential of p\u2010block metals for next\u2010generation electrocatalysts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T06:31:03Z","timestamp":1774247463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emerging\n                    <i>p<\/i>\n                    \u2010Block Metal\u2010Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jack Jon","family":"Hinsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy School of Environment and Science Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinqiu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy 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