{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T10:15:33Z","timestamp":1783937733315,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Efficient precious\u2010metal utilization in electrocatalysis requires electrically conductive support architectures that enable electrocatalytic activity beyond conventional surface\u2010limited designs. Herein, we demonstrate that solvent\u2010assisted crystallization converts poly(3,4\u2010ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) into a water\u2010stable, highly conductive nanofibrillar matrix featuring nanoscale porosity and controlled swelling. During the subsequent electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles (NPs), the highly porous nanofibrillar PEDOT:PSS moderately swells in aqueous media, allowing Pt ions to deeply infiltrate the polymer network and form uniformly dispersed Pt NPs throughout the entire film volume rather than on the surface alone. This volumetric nanoconfinement effect yields a markedly enlarged electrochemically active surface area (20 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    g\n                    <jats:sub>Pt<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), rapid reactant permeability, and structural robustness under operating conditions. The resulting PEDOT:PSS\u2013Pt nanocomposite exhibits greatly enhanced catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reactions, outperforming conventional planar Pt architectures. This work establishes highly porous nanofibrillar PEDOT:PSS as a previously underutilized volumetric electrocatalyst scaffold and provides a general design strategy for maximizing precious\u2010metal efficiency in electrocatalysis and water\u2010splitting systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:44:40Z","timestamp":1774961080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Highly Porous Nanofibrillar PEDOT:PSS Matrix for Beyond\u2010Surface Precious\u2010Metal Utilization and Volumetric Electrocatalysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Da\u2010Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"GIST InnoCORE AI\u2010Nano Convergence Institute for Early Detection of Neurodegenerative Diseases Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye\u2010Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)  Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7205-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung\u2010Han","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b04566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad4998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201803291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2019.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60323G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201803063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SE00460B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201803040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00470A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00484A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.0c00953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b04214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE02939C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nano.202000239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SC02806F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010020\u201000824\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.03.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201004718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010017\u201001521\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA02351E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557\u2010021\u201000734\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm400562u"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300361m"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA04888J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010019\u20100364\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2020.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201801878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA27439G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE03403F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2024.114650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201006084\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2005.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671\u2010018\u20102448\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202000693"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169\u20104332(03)00550\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am3017416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm00227e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3TA14134A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CE00713A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA13567G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201900749"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202514951","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application"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