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This report describes the preparation of an antibacterial hydrogel sensor from a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)\/silk fibroin (SF) double network, tannic acid\u2010coated liquid metal (TALM), and copper particles, with an ethanol (ET)\u00a0post\u2010treatment using a multi\u2010level structural regulation strategy. The obtained hydrogel is evaluated in the context of respiratory monitoring. A stepwise impregnation process ensures a spatially ordered distribution of functional components. Specifically, TALM nanodroplets increase dispersion stability; copper ion displacement reactions generate antibacterial copper particles in situ; and the ethanol post\u2010treatment induces a\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010sheet conformational transition. The novel hydrogel exhibits excellent overall performance, with a tensile strength of 1.452\u00a0MPa (483% greater than that of pure PVA), an elongation at break of 700%, a toughness of 0.483\u00a0MJ\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and an electrical conductivity of 0.25\u00a0S\/m. Antibacterial tests demonstrate that the hydrogel has inhibition zone widths of 2.5\u00a0mm for\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 1.0\u00a0mm for\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli (E. coli)<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The hydrogel sensor maintains a stable resistance response (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluctuation &lt;5%), even after 1000 stretching cycles, thereby enabling effective respiratory rate monitoring and apnea warning functions. This study provides a new strategy for developing wearable flexible sensors with excellent mechanical performance, electrical conductivity, and antibacterial performance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202600005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1774013201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mechanically Enhanced, Antibacterial, and Double\u2010Network Hydrogel Flexible Sensors for Sleep Apnea Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hai","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital  Shanghai P. R. 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