{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:11:20Z","timestamp":1789639880382,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52574442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52574442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M692254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022SCU12002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCU12002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The advancement of conversion\u2010type anodes for Li\/Na\u2010ion batteries necessitates innovative strategies to synergistically address sluggish kinetics and structural degradation. Herein, a rational multi\u2010scale engineering paradigm is proposed by constructing a MnO\/MnSe\u2010based heterostructure space\u2010confined in a hierarchical carbon matrix. Such architecture synergizes oxygen vacancy (Vo) engineering, in situ phase\u2010transition\u2010driven heterointerface reconstruction, and dual\u2010carbon space confinement. Systematic selenization control enables the formation of Vo\u2010rich MnO coupled with metastable \u03b1\u2010MnSe, which undergoes irreversible electrochemical transformation to conductive \u03b2\u2010MnSe during initial cycling, creating dynamically stabilized heterointerfaces with optimized charge redistribution. First\u2010principles calculations reveal that the \u03b1\u2192\u03b2 phase transition is thermodynamically driven by interfacial energy minimization, and the newly formed \u03b2\u2010MnSe demonstrates robust structural stability and significantly enhanced Li\/Na electrochemical kinetics. The space\u2010confined carbon (scC) framework, integrating pyrolytic carbon and graphene confinement, orchestrates ion\/electron highways while alleviating mechanical stress. The optimized MnO\u2010Vo\/\u03b2\u2010MnSe@scC delivers exceptional rate capability and cycling performance, surpassing current state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art Mn\u2010based anodes. This work establishes a universal materials design philosophy that couples phase transition manipulation, defect modulation, and heterointerface engineering with space hierarchical carbon confinement, providing transformative insights into overcoming intrinsic limitations of conversion materials for next\u2010generation high\u2010power energy storage systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202600045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T11:00:22Z","timestamp":1770116422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electrochemically Activated \u03b1\u2192\u03b2 Phase Transition in Space\u2010Confined MnO\/MnSe\u2010Based Heterostructure Enabling Exceptional Li\/Na\u2010Ion Storage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiande","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environment\u2010friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology  Mianyang China"},{"name":"Xinyangfeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd  Jingmen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaipeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University  Yibin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2021.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-00748-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202404929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2018.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2023.100181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/energymater.2024.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnl2.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202314969"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/energymater.2021.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2022.214984"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR05789D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jma.2024.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.2c01293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.5b02558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"2062","article-title":"Generating Oxygen Vacancies in MnO Hexagonal Sheets for Ultralong Life Lithium Storage With High Capacity","volume":"13","author":"Zou Y. H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acs Nano"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202202342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA03967D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA03280A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40195-021-01207-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202000958"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA09264B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c12215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b03686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201904210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2024.109551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202101712"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2022.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201802847"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2021.06.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.05.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c01104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42864-023-00216-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201302915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202107597"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.137152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.06.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c04776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.04.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA08394D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.12.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202200653"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MA00066H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.110584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.11.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.8b01156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201902312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.125508"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2023.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.0c00236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA08423A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202001026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.165449"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2018.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201706317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.05.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab8e78"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581-020-03766-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/er.7323"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202600045","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.202600045","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.202600045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:22:58Z","timestamp":1786116178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.202600045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.202600045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202600045","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00045"}}