{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:30:56Z","timestamp":1791365456387,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G22309202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G22309202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>High\u2010performance electrode materials are key to advancing supercapacitor technology. Hollow micro\u2010 and nanostructured materials with confined space effects act as precise \u201cnanoreactors.\u201d These materials effectively regulate ion transport kinetics, enhance interfacial interactions, and stabilize the electrode\/electrolyte interface, achieving rapid ion storage and efficient diffusion. This review systematically summarizes the latest advances in the application of such materials in supercapacitors. We first elucidate the definition, classification, and preparation methods of hollow micro\u2013nano structures, then explore the advantages of confined space effects in ion restriction and selection, reaction kinetics optimization, and other aspects. Furthermore, structural design and functionalization modifications can further enhance specific capacitance, rate performance, and cycling stability. We also discuss the physicochemical mechanisms involved in promoting charge storage, suppressing ion aggregation, and mitigating volume changes. Notably, machine learning has shown great potential in guiding the precise and controllable synthesis of complex hollow micro\/nano structures, providing new insights and strategies for material design. Despite potential, challenges like precise synthesis, mass production of complex structures, in\u2010depth ionic behavior study in confined spaces, and long\u2010term stability remain. Finally, we outline future research directions to offer theoretical and technical guidance for designing next\u2010generation high\u2010performance supercapacitor electrodes based on confinement effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.72799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:55:52Z","timestamp":1770814552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Confined Space in Hollow Micro\/Nano Structures: Boosting Supercapacitor Performance to New Heights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Panpan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Lyuliang University  Lvliang P. R. China"},{"name":"Lvliang Key Laboratory of Structural Reliability Analysis in Engineering  Lvliang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Lyuliang University  Lvliang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Lyuliang University  Lvliang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Lyuliang University  Lvliang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Lyuliang University  Lvliang P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2791-7217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i\u2010Lab CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Suzhou Institute of Nano\u2010Tech and Nano\u2010Bionics (SINANO) Chinese Academy of Sciences  Suzhou P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2528-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0958305x221150432"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2023.101757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2024.173920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerr.2024.100075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.erss.2024.103618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202306090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010020\u20100747\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201902007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR01317D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201079622\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00059K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"Electrospun Carbon\u2010Based Materials for Conventional and Hybrid Supercapacitors: Progress and Prospects","volume":"0","author":"Yang S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy & Environmental Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.5c02038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.5c01500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.138518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010022\u201000993\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee44164d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-23582-5.00006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2025.08.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR01620G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.110446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.202300236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/NR.2025.94907379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202400658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202417059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.179128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TA05685C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2025.147250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2025.136378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.117659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.07.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CE00129C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2025.236933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.137965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NH00107B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.138114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.117785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2025.137658"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.166064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202417357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TA01006C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Enhancing Conductivity in Nanocomposites: A Comprehensive Review of Silver Nanostructures and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Reinforcement Effects","volume":"57","author":"Milad Zamani S. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.116339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202412044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.115343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.116110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c08708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.06.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.09.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","article-title":"Recent Progress of Hollow Carbon Nanocages: General Design Fundamentals and Diversified Electrochemical Applications","volume":"10","author":"Li Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c06571"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.165960"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202504653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010024\u201001598\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202500828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42765-025-00522-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.113321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4QI01715C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.113265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42765\u2010025\u201000528\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2024.175709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.112195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TA00108K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.112463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2022.11.328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.09.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971\u2010022\u201005750\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.06.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.3c00913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2024.144327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.173206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3YA00480E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c00501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64041-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2021.139167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2024.137437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2024.109336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.113442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2024.116266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SE01425H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106528\/ac487a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR01131G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.108944"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.04.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.160789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2023.118187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201017547\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202411066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10904\u2010024\u201003237\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.160395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c04741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.148213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11665\u2010024\u201010252\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202412272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202423088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.164556"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/NR.2025.94907446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2025.103546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.4c02838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2025.142034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2024.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c03019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.138830"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202311101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c00382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.112833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2023.135522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.111808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c07729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aesr.202500163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010024\u201001821\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c06352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2025.102956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151554"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581\u2010024\u201006018\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.116572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c03451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01512-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.170807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202400539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2024.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2021.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2023.143751"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162944"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.161889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.3c00917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.116362"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2025.137773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2025.146898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.182687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.165685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.163271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2025.146350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.4c03320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2025.146958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_154_1","article-title":"Hierarchically Tailored Porous Carbon via Precursor Engineering for Dual\u2010Redox Electrochemical Capacitors With Record\u2010High Energy Density","volume":"21","author":"Kim J. G.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202424551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202506600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-025-01808-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202410766"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.117351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.161764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.106700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2025.135844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c05579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5DT00317B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.163970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2025.146608"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202206029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.182240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.163825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.159732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.113718"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2023.107711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.5c01511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.112944"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2024.234537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202313591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211523"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.72799","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.72799","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.72799","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:27:13Z","timestamp":1784305633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.72799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":178,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.72799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.72799","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72799"}}