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Prevailing improvement approaches, relying on extrinsic templates or graphitic carbon additives, typically compromise structural precision or scalability. Here, we demonstrate a molecular engineering strategy by tailoring the pre\u2010condensation of a resorcinol\u2010formaldehyde resin. This modification simultaneously modulates the evolution of light volatiles and guides the ordered alignment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis, yielding an HC architecture with increased accessible closed pores and expanded pseudo\u2010graphitic domains. The optimized HC anode delivers a significantly enhanced low\u2010voltage plateau capacity (from 183 to 255.5 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and a total reversible capacity of 349.8 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 60\u00a0mA g\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    with an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 86.69%. The anode also sustains 260.8 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    at a high rate of 200\u00a0mA g\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    in a standard ester\u2010based electrolyte. The strategy's generality is confirmed using a resorcinol\u2010amine resin, achieving a comparable capacity of 360.8 mAh g\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    and an ICE of 83.17%. This work establishes a scalable, template\u2010free synthesis pathway for high\u2010performance HCs via molecular precursor regulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.73426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:21:06Z","timestamp":1776680466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Refining Chemical Evolution of Resin Toward High\u2010Performance Hard\u2010Carbon Anodes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ruyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaipeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenkai","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinlin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binghao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key 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