{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:38:02Z","timestamp":1789760282352,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62574140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62574140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12204336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12204336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52502075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52502075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011302","name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Amorphous van der Waals (vdW) materials introduce atomic disorder into layered systems, providing an additional degree of freedom for tailoring optoelectronic responses and photoinduced carrier dynamics beyond the crystalline regime. Yet, atomically thin amorphous van der Waals nanosheets with reproducible device\u2010level properties remain largely unexplored. Here, we report an electrochemical exfoliation strategy that directly converts single\u2010crystal TaIrTe\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    into amorphous nanosheets with average lateral dimensions exceeding 50\u00a0\u00b5m, thickness down to 2\u00a0nm, and high ambient stability. Structural amorphization induces a metallic\u2010to\u2010semiconducting transition accompanied by bandgap opening and the formation of distributed trap states, as supported by density functional theory. Field\u2010effect transistors fabricated from these nanosheets exhibit ambipolar transport with on\/off ratios above 103 and mobilities of \u223c1.5 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , enabling sensitive electrical readout. Upon optical stimulation, the devices generate self\u2010powered, persistent photocurrents. Wavelength\u2010selective excitation between 405\u00a0nm and 638\u00a0nm produces reversible conductance potentiation and depression, realizing fully optical and bidirectional synaptic plasticity with ultralow energy consumption (&lt; 5.65 pJ per pulse). Neuromorphic network simulations incorporating the experimentally extracted dynamics achieve 92.1% on the MNIST dataset. These results demonstrate a scalable platform for producing amorphous vdW nanosheets and show that crystalline\u2010to\u2010amorphous conversion enables light\u2010programmable signal processing and energy\u2010efficient intelligent hardware.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.73719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T13:07:16Z","timestamp":1778245636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electrochemically Exfoliated Amorphous TaIrTe\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    Nanosheets for Bidirectional Optical Neuromorphic Devices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Science and Engineering Huaibei Normal University  Huaibei China"},{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory  Dongguan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology For Materials Synthesis and Processing &amp;Wuhan University of Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory  Dongguan Guangdong China"},{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering South China Normal University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zice","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory  Dongguan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuqing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory  Dongguan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Science and Engineering Huaibei Normal University  Huaibei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Science and Engineering Huaibei Normal University  Huaibei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongsheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering South China Normal University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2018-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Energy Science and Engineering Huaibei Normal University  Huaibei China"},{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory  Dongguan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory  Dongguan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenghuang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory  Dongguan Guangdong China"},{"name":"Dongguan Institute of Materials Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Dongguan Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201053268\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32725-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010020\u201000501\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0647-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201700951"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201005397\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2022.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202312444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202005582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202410783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c04358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202205709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202104327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NR00900A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202200409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202007587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202306068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b04885"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.4c01809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010025\u201002291\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2024.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap7916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377\u2010022\u201001031\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202102980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c04737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202510185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201050697\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202300691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004\u2010019\u20100201\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202203013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11123246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c19526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b02847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0256\u2010307X\/37\/9\/098501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202304282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.5c00996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.103859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2017.2771529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674\u20104926\/24080035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202004207"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73719","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.73719","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73719","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:01:42Z","timestamp":1782468102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.73719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.73719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.73719","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73719"}}