{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:07:22Z","timestamp":1787666842026,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Surface chemistry of porous carbon black was modified by oxidation either with hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid, and also by a thermal treatment with urea. The latter reduced the surface and introduced nitrogen groups to the carbon matrix. Sulfur was inserted into carbon pores using a steam\u2010assisted sulfur insertion method. It resulted in a gradual and controllable pore filling, from ultramicropores to mesopores. Orthorhombic \u03b1\u2010sulfur and monoclinic \u03b3\u2010sulfur were detected. In small pores, only S\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    linear fragments could be formed. The fraction of \u03b3\u2010sulfur increased with an increased electrical conductivity and the amount of intrinsic defects of the initial carbon hosts. While an increase in the former could be directly linked to thermal conductivity, the defectous carbon likely binds to sulfur, helping to form and stabilize monoclinic crystals. Confinement effects further contributed to stabilizing metastable sulfur allotropes by physically limiting mobility and retarding phase transitions. Although amorphous sulfur was also formed during fast cooling, higher fractions of \u03b3\u2010sulfur were detected in the crystalline phase, especially in most conductive carbons. These findings highlight a complex interplay among carbon chemistry, microstructure, and electronic properties affecting the formation and stabilization of \u03b3\u2010sulfur and provide insights into sulfur\u2010carbon interactions for designing advanced sulfur\u2010based carbon materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.73726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T09:23:27Z","timestamp":1778577807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Carbon Surface Features on the Formation and Stabilization of \u03b3\u2010Sulfur Within the Pore Structure of Sulfur\u2010Tuned Carbons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"S. Pauletto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The City College of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Florent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The City College of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2673-3782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa J.","family":"Bandosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The City College of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry Maria Curie\u2010Sklodowska University  Lublin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar300179v"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201500212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201402273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201402290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606823"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201700260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja308170k"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA00286A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC03419A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2021.138650"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004\u2010022\u201000626\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.06.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2021.106536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201700358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2JM16543K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn404601h"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17114952"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA19613F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202310398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fub.2025.100083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60301a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/4010212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic50093a020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.10.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2015.01.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201303166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.17638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201301473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2008.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008\u20106223(98)00333\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008\u20106223(95)00154\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573\u20104285(06)80013\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2010.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169\u20104332(03)00550\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Electrochemical Studies of Phenomena at Active Carbon\u2010Electrolyte Solution Interfaces","volume":"27","author":"Biniak S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemistry and Physics of Carbon"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008\u20106223(84)90079\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408436.2019.1671800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MA01009G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.2002.8419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60301a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs5030065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17415990902998579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008\u20106223(00)00319\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la020670d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/kim\u20101909\u201020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04838K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008\u20106223(97)00057\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2211334710801010027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016\u20102361(76)90002\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.09.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008\u20106223(92)90164\u2010R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LP00255E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51244\/IJRSI.2025.120800055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b12115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004\u2010025\u201001408\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2012.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10450\u2010013\u20109517\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la00020a045"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73726","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.73726","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73726","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:01:03Z","timestamp":1782468063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.73726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.73726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.73726","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73726"}}