{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:26:14Z","timestamp":1788279974261,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"49","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3702101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3702101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21876131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21876131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Water is not a passive solvent but an actively tunable participant in aqueous\u2010phase redox processes, whose reactivity can be regulated by modulating its molecular states and dynamics. Here, we introduce a multi\u2010scale water modulation strategy using a hydrophilic polysaccharide network to reorganize the aqueous environment and suppress the corrosion of nanoscale zero\u2010valent iron (nZVI). At the molecular scale, the polysaccharides tune free water (FW) into bound and intermediate water (BW\/IW), which together account for \u223c45% of total water. This water\u2010state redistribution elevates the reaction barrier for H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u2013Fe(0) interactions from 8.2\u00a0eV (FW) to 10.5\u00a0eV (BW), and the observed reaction rate constant (k\n                    <jats:sub>obs<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) shows a strong linear dependence on the BW+IW fraction (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2248 0.99). At the nanoscale, the network imposes hydrophilic confinement (mesh size \u2248 1.1\u00a0nm) that restricts water access to reactive Fe(0) sites, causing a rapid attenuation of early\u2010stage reactions (&lt;12 days). At the macroscale, the modulated water forms a viscoelastic matrix (G\u2032 &gt; G\u2033) that retains in situ\u2010generated H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    microdomains, creating interfacial shielding that suppresses prolonged reactions (&gt;12 days). By linking water's molecular organization to macroscopic redox behavior, this work provides a framework for using the water modulation to stabilize corrosion\u2010sensitive nanoparticles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.73729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T13:23:40Z","timestamp":1778246620000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Scale Water Modulation for Regulating Water Reactivity and Suppressing Nanoscale Zero\u2010Valent Iron (nZVI) Corrosion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaolin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security  Shanghai 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