{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:22:19Z","timestamp":1785900139721,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271231 52411540236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271231 52411540236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MB037 ZR2024LFG006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MB037 ZR2024LFG006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022JC004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JC004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024K2A9A2A06016894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024K2A9A2A06016894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Some scenarios necessitate high strain sensitivity for subtle motion detection, while others require stable electrical performance under deformation. Integrating these seemingly conflicting characteristics into one platform remains challenging. Herein, stretchable mechanical\u2010bioelectric multi\u2010modal sensors with low interfacial impedance, excellent environmental stability, excellent self\u2010healing ability and biocompatibility, are fabricated by integrating hydrogels with chemical vapor deposition grown graphene films. Graphene with high electron mobility and biocompatibility allows long\u2010term and sensitive signal acquisition, while hydrogels with multiple dynamic interactions exhibit not only excellent self\u2010healing ability but also excellent stress relaxation to mitigate strain damage. A robust interface with wrinkle structure is formed owing to the nano\u2010scaled thickness of graphene and dynamic interactions of hydrogels, where ion\u2010electron synergistic conduction offers ion and electron charges, enhancing the capacitive coupling process of ionic and electronic current. Benefiting from these judicious designs, the layered composites exhibit low swelling ratio (\u223c22%), low skin interfacial impedance (28.70 k\u03a9 at 100\u00a0Hz), high self\u2010healing efficiency (95.24%), wide sensing range (\u223c500%), and excellent durability (\u223c1000 cycles to 150% strain). Important applications in physiological signal detection, information transmission, and spatial force distribution mapping, are demonstrated. Self\u2010healing capability is verified in monitoring urinary bladder activities, offering opportunities for designing high\u2010performance, multifunctional graphene\u2010based bioelectronics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.73949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T14:56:34Z","timestamp":1779720994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Layered Graphene\/Hydrogel\u2010Based Multi\u2010Modal Sensors Enabled by Ion\u2010Electron Synergistic Conduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonggyu","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingxin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jineui","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duxia","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songfang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan  Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongju","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Zhongke Advanced Technology Co., Ltd. Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-7719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong\u2010Hyun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202301587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/ss.2025.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202500412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.169852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202414092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202507606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010023\u201001091\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202405002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ads1301","article-title":"Rapidly Self\u2010Healing Electronic Skin for Machine Learning\u2013Assisted Physiological and Movement Evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Lee Y.","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abo5680"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202410806"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c18342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201067143\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202502449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010023\u201001079\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010024\u201001918\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202516816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010019\u20100235\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/ss.2025.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201803221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201017288\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201008155\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047696\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202419809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202403411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202003273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b03415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201025152\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202105084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202402853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c00624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202501130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b14592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.2c00074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.156841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202307400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010023\u201000932\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202409703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202107404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018025\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c02826"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3663969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.3c00655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010025\u201001883\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202109506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202509063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202309500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.023.202202564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.0c00085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201022192\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202501122"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928\u2010024\u201001174\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246\u2010024\u201000511\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033454\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202417688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202515120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010024\u201001572\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.163920"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202105264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202101696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010024\u201001566\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.1c03358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c14036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2025.111072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115060"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73949","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.73949","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73949","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:46:49Z","timestamp":1784299609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.73949"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.73949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.73949","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73949"}}