{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:07:54Z","timestamp":1784300874199,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22171217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22171217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are promising clean energy devices, but their efficiency is limited by the low C\u2010C bond cleavage efficiency of Pd\u2010based catalysts. Herein, we synthesized In\u2010Mo codoped Pd metallene with rich interface defects via a simple wet\u2010chemical method, which consists of face\u2010centered cubic, intermetallic and amorphous phases. The catalyst's structure and ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR) performance was systematically characterized, and the mechanism was revealed by in situ ATR\u2010FTIR, HPLC and DFT calculations. Results showed that the optimal PdInMo metallene exhibited a C1 pathway selectivity of 73.68%, which was 12.02 time that of commercial Pd\/C. Its mass activity and specific activity were 4273.8\u00a0mA mg\n                    <jats:sub>Pd<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 8.36\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 2.38 and 1.34 times higher than those of undoped Pd metallene (1795.9\u00a0mA mg\n                    <jats:sub>Pd<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 6.25\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), 6.85 and 3.83 times higher than those of commercial Pd\/C (624.2\u00a0mA mg\n                    <jats:sub>Pd<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 2.18\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), respectively, with excellent cycling stability (75.10% activity retention). The enhanced performance was attributed to the synergistic effect of In\u2500Mo codoping and rich interface defects: strengthened OH* adsorption, weakened CO* adsorption, and reduced C\u2500C bond cleavage energy barrier. This study provides a novel strategy for designing high\u2010selectivity and high\u2010activity Pd\u2010based catalysts for EOR.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.73991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T10:53:08Z","timestamp":1780138388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interface\u2010Defect\u2010Rich In\u2010Mo Codoped Pd Metallene for Enhanced C1 Selectivity During Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zitong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaozheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9708-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingshang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8350-3775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Technological University  Xi'an Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Rare Earth Evoked Subsurface Oxygen Species in Platinum Alloy Catalysts Enable Durable Fuel Cells","volume":"63","author":"Yang L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010025\u201008610\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201044788\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2025.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","article-title":"Dizygotic Atomic Platinum and Palladium on Carbon for High\u2010Performance Ethanol and Methanol Electro\u2010Oxidation","volume":"137","author":"Zhang Z.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c04097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE04023B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c11313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","article-title":"Electronic and Geometric Effects Endow PtRh Jagged Nanowires with Superior Ethanol Oxidation Catalysis","volume":"20","author":"Yu R.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","article-title":"Breaking Highly Ordered PtPbBi Intermetallic With Disordered Amorphous Phase for Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Alcohol Oxidation","volume":"63","author":"Feng F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c02319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202100187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c04578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c06063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010025\u201001678\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmate.2025.100320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","article-title":"Unconventional Interconnected High\u2010Entropy Alloy Nanodendrites for Remarkably Efficient C\u2212C Bond Cleavage Toward Complete Ethanol Oxidatio","volume":"64","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie\u2014International Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202311731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202103505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202421763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c05455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202304990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c07110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c09270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202203612"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c01870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2QI00869F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202413937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003870\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","article-title":"Modulating the Bader Charge Transfer in Single P\u2010Block Atoms Doped Pd Metallene for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis","volume":"136","author":"Xie L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101603\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202101019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202005092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c05079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c04045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61558\/2993-074X.3519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61558\/2993-074X.3565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bte2.70010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202400368"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/nso\/20250042"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73991","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.73991","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.73991","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:47:44Z","timestamp":1784299664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.73991"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.73991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.73991","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73991"}}