{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:33:04Z","timestamp":1792672384716,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous indoor air pollutant whose carcinogenicity, high toxicity, and volatility pose severe health risks even at trace concentrations. Nevertheless, realizing ultra\u2010low detection limits with high selectivity under ambient\u2010temperature conditions using a single chemiresistive semiconductor remains an enduring challenge. A heterointerface\u2010engineered WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    @Cu\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (HHTP)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanocomposite is developed, integrating the high surface reactivity of WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    with the intrinsic conductivity and ordered \u03c0\u2010conjugated framework of the 2D conductive metal\u2013organic framework (cMOF) Cu\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (HHTP)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Synergistic interfacial orbital hybridization between W 5\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    (WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and O 2\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u03c0\u2010orbitals (cMOF) induces pronounced electronic structure modulation, promoting enhanced charge transport and gas\u2013solid interfacial reaction kinetics. DFT calculations reveal that HCHO preferentially adsorbs at phenolic O sites in the cMOF and O\u2010vacancy sites on WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , inducing localized charge redistribution and suppressing mid\u2010gap defect states. This adsorption\u2010driven Fermi level shift correlates directly with the experimentally observed resistance drop under HCHO exposure. The WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    @Cu\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (HHTP)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensor exhibits an ultralow detection limit (\u223c48 ppb), rapid response\/recovery, minimal baseline drift, and exceptional selectivity under mixed gas environments at room temperature. These findings establish a clear mechanistic link between interfacial electronic structure tuning and enhanced sensing performance, offering a generalizable strategy for designing next\u2010generation VOC sensors via surface modification of metal oxides with cMOFs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:37:27Z","timestamp":1780573047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gas Adsorption\u2010Driven Electronic Modulation in WO\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    @Cu\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    (HHTP)\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Heterostructure: Mechanistic Origin of Selective Drift Resistance Room\u2010Temperature Formaldehyde Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Jamir","family":"Ahemad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Wanju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Wanju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Wanju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae\u2010Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics LANL\u2010JBNU Engineering Institute\u2010Korea Jeonbuk National University  Jeonju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of JBNU\u2010KIST Industry\u2010Academia Convergence Research Jeonbuk National University  Jeonju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seoung\u2010Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National University  Geumjeong\u2010gu Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Chonnam National University  Gwangju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5117-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae\u2010Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6952-502X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Joon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Wanju Jeollabuk\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3019-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sukang","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)  Wanju 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