{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:02:24Z","timestamp":1785240144938,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12574034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12574034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52302048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52302048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52288102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52288102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52090020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52090020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX20240307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX20240307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Layered chalcogenides, while efficiently suppressing phonon transport via weak van der Waals bonding, inherently suffer from poor mechanical robustness. Developing these materials that exhibit both high conversion efficiency and mechanical robustness is a critical challenge for their reliable device deployment. Here, we demonstrate a shear\u2010strain engineering strategy that utilizes dense nanotwins as a dual\u2010functional structural unit to solve this intrinsic limitation. Using (Sb,Bi)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Si\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Te\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a model system, we introduce high\u2010density nanotwins via high\u2010energy ball milling. Mechanically, these nanotwin boundaries act as barriers to dislocation motions, doubling the compressive strength to 191\u00a0MPa and hardness to 0.8 GPa\u2014levels comparable to mechanically robust cubic systems. Functionally, the nanotwins introduce broadband phonon scattering, driving the lattice thermal conductivity down to an ultralow 0.27 Wm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    K\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and enabling a peak\n                    <jats:italic>ZT<\/jats:italic>\n                    of 1.5 at 773 K. The practical viability of this synergistic strengthening is validated by a single\u2010leg thermoelectric device achieving a high conversion efficiency of 8% (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 473 K) with high structural integrity. This work establishes nanotwin engineering as a generalizable paradigm for transforming fragile layered crystals into robust, high\u2010efficiency thermoelectrics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:41:50Z","timestamp":1780393310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nanotwin\u2010Engineered (Sb,Bi)\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Si\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Te\n                    <sub>6<\/sub>\n                    for Robust and High\u2010Efficiency Layered Thermoelectrics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4690-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering\uff0c School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhejiang University Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0912-2242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Largescale Scientific Facilities School of Physical Sciences Great Bay University  Dongguan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3026-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0185-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing\u2010Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4594-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For High Pressure Science (CHiPS) State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202009681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwae329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.179543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567\u2010023\u201002188\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj8175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk9589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201050175\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202503665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2024.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.164146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.159681"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ta09795k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.11.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843\u2010021\u20101647\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp2444"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2019.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5b04895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA04810F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.135968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2023.101185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201057250\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201058484\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2021.100472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/JAC.2023.9220740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2020.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.01.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ee02677c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6ee00728g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c07817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2019.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786435.2012.704429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa4166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8tc03646b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b02308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.136131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c23395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202200389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022\u20105096(97)00086\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010matsci\u2010070115\u2010031649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.66.036201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0370-1301\/64\/9\/303"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"The Cleavage Strength of Polycrystals","volume":"174","author":"Petch N. J.","year":"1953","journal-title":"Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c01716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13381"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102361\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmat.2023.104713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ta05287c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2024.119675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NJ04273K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1YA00003A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MA00315E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.235442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2016.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c03120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567\u2010023\u201002258\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d4ee02008a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c02895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c23351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ta05287c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2024.101818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202312145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax5123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cp01582g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033684\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664\u2010010\u20101468\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/jjap.44.4275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ee02813a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202200670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2014.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2024.116090"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.74062","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.74062","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.74062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:18:12Z","timestamp":1785237492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.74062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.74062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.74062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e74062"}}