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However, controlled growth on curved surfaces remains challenging due to curvature\u2010induced stress, catalytic heterogeneity of molten Cu, and limited carbon migration. Using DFT, AIMD, LS\u2010DYNA, and experimental verification, we show that curvature introduces a size\u2010dependent energy barrier (181.87\u00a0eV for 10\u00a0nm vs. 21.40\u00a0eV for 10\u00a0\u00b5m) and elastic instability, triggering six\u2010branched domains when the branch length exceeds a critical value\n                    <jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.0092\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    (where\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the powder radius). Surface premelting lowers the CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    decomposition barrier to 1.10\u00a0eV, boosting carbon supply by 10\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010fold, yet simultaneously suppresses carbon surface diffusion by 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    times. Consequently, powders \u226410\u00a0\u00b5m exhibit ultrahigh nucleation density (up to 7.27 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    N\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and low growth rates (0.92\u20133.64\u00a0\u00b5m\/min). These effects intensify with decreasing particle size, whereas powders \u226550\u00a0\u00b5m behave similarly to flat foils. This work clarifies the synergy between curvature\u2010induced elastic instability and premelting\u2010mediated kinetics, identifies suitable Cu powder sizes for CVD graphene growth, and provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing CVD parameters (e.g., temperature and carbon flux) to obtain high\u2010quality graphene coatings for high\u2010performance composites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T12:12:27Z","timestamp":1784031147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epitaxial Growth and Confinement of Graphene\u2010Skinned Cu Powders: A Comprehensive Assessment of Crystallization Thermodynamics and Kinetics on Spherical Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Weizhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument and Electronics North University of China Taiyuan Henan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiucai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongyuan Graphene Laboratory Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou P. R. China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Graphene Controllable Growth Technology and Application Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Graphene Controllable Growth Technology and Application Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Graphene Controllable Growth Technology and Application Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Graphene Controllable Growth Technology and Application Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Graphene Controllable Growth Technology and Application Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao Shandong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument and Electronics North University of China Taiyuan Henan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzhao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Graphene Controllable Growth Technology and Application Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-1902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongfan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Graphene Controllable Growth Technology and Application Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) Beijing P. R. China"},{"name":"Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing P. R. 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