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Ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) act as promising redox nanozymes with excellent ROS\u2010scavenging and anti\u2010inflammatory capacities. Their catalytic performance is highly dependent on specific surface area (SSA), surface Ce\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    fraction and oxygen vacancy (Ov) concentration, all of which are closely regulated by particle morphology. Nevertheless, the correlation between CNP morphology and therapeutic efficacy against periodontitis remains largely unexplored, hindering their rational application in oral therapy. Herein, ceria nanorods, nanocubes and nano\u2010octahedra were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using the same precipitant, with commercial spherical CNPs serving as the control group. Ceria nanorods exerted superior enzyme\u2010mimetic activity, ROS scavenging, anti\u2010inflammatory and osteogenic effects in vitro, which is attributed to their largest SSA, highest surface Ce\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    proportion and abundant oxygen vacancies. In a rat periodontitis model, nanorod\u2010loaded poloxamer hydrogel effectively alleviated alveolar bone resorption, clinical attachment loss and inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that nanorods inhibit the NF\u2010\u03baB signaling pathway while activating the Nrf2 pathway, thereby mitigating inflammation and reinforcing endogenous antioxidant defenses. This work clarifies the structure\u2010activity relationship of CNPs, offering a rational morphology\u2010modulating strategy for periodontitis therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:37:05Z","timestamp":1784522225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Morphology\u2010Engineered Ceria Nanoparticles Ameliorate Periodontitis via Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Siqi","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Materials Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology &amp; National Center for Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices &amp; Beijing Key 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