{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:28:05Z","timestamp":1788280085230,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"49","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2021\/005320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2021\/005320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The production of electrocatalytically active materials from inert precursors through intricate engineering represents a frontier in sustainable energy research. The present study unveils a transformative thermal stress\u2010mediated fracturing strategy to activate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub>\n                    a material traditionally considered unsuitable for such electrocatalytic applications. By subjecting bulk SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hexagonal plates to extreme thermal shock via rapid heating followed by instant quenching in liquid nitrogen, a simultaneous reduction in dimensionality and a critical 1T\u2010to\u20101H phase transition has been achieved, yielding ultra\u2010small 1H@1T\u2010SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanodots (2\u20135\u00a0nm). High\u2010resolution aberration\u2010corrected STEM imaging reveals a restructured atomic lattice where the emergence of the 1H phase, coupled with plentiful edge sites, fundamentally reconfigures the electronic landscape. While the parent 1T\u2010SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    follows an inefficient 2\u2010electron pathway, the phase\u2010restructured nanodots exhibit a robust 4\u2010electron oxygen reduction mechanism. Theoretical insights from Density Functional Theory (DFT) confirm that the synergy between the 1H\u2010phase transition and edge\u2010site enrichment lowers the Gibbs free energy for intermediate adsorption, effectively \u201cunlocking\u201d the catalytic potential of SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This work provides an erudite blueprint for the phase\u2010and\u2010size engineering of non\u2010precious metal dichalcogenides, transmuting mundane semiconductors into high\u2010performance electrocatalysts for the next generation of fuel cells and metal\u2010air batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:41:31Z","timestamp":1783773691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phase\u2010Restructured SnS\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Nanodots: Unlocking ORR Activity through Thermal Stress\u2010Mediated Fracturing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Parbati","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Vidyasagar University  Midnapore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugandha","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics IISER Bhopal  Bhopal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayita","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics IISER Bhopal  Bhopal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pijush K.","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Vidyasagar University  Midnapore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9798-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koustav","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Vidyasagar University  Midnapore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics IIT Kharagpur  Kharagpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanta","family":"Bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics IIT Jodhpur  Jodhpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9718-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmal","family":"Ganguli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics IISER Bhopal  Bhopal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8719-5511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debamalya","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics IIT Kharagpur  Kharagpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyajit","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics IIT Jodhpur  Jodhpur India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0615-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuntal","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Vidyasagar University  Midnapore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn405938z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201800640"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b12988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201701158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b19859"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201900040"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Engineering of Layered Metal Dichalcogenides: Introducing Imperfections to Make it Perfect","volume":"1","author":"Basu P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxford Open Materials Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn504481r"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201501495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201901236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.94.125443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202001650"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201600559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA08214E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2021.102336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202000567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2022.140063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5c01540"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2022.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b04343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201600318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr01899g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am506396z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SE00235A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b06977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c04241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2019.01.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm403046m"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.102.155306"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.123274"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a709054d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202000064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0021180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b03648"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02547-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-018-0086-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201403863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c06819"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC03320C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576715017252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202005023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE03764A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202301621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202202661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407659"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c00649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.202100827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b00786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b02369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201800982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja500432h"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja108039j"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013\u20104686(70)85021\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41524\u2010019\u20100210\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339\u2010016\u20100164\u2010y"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.74575","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.74575","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.74575","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:04:33Z","timestamp":1788278673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.74575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"49","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.74575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.74575","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e74575"}}