{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:55:20Z","timestamp":1791564920208,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"51","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In today's era, the rise of flexible, biodegradable, and micro\u2010energy storage devices represents the next frontier of sustainable electronics. Despite promising conductivity, carbon nanotube (CNT)\u2010based supercapacitors display modest capacitance and compromised rate performance due to densely packed layers or diffusion paths of ions. To make a promising and sustainable device, we synthesized CNT\u2010inks with enhanced and improved intertubular spacing. Herein, we report improved ion diffusion paths and enhanced interwall spacing by insertion of ions. For the scalable production of microsupercapacitors (MSCs), the Li\u2010ion modified CNT\u2010ink was further processed via screen printing. Coupled with the engineered electrode architecture and wide electrochemical window of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide lithium (LiTFSI) water\u2010in\u2010salt (WIS) electrolyte, the device with limited interdigitated\u2010electrode (IDE) fingers achieved a high areal capacitance (42\u00a0mF\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and excellent cyclic durability (\u223c95% after 20,000 \u00a0cycles). Additionally, Kelvin\u2010probe force microscopy (KPFM) revealed dynamic surface potential modulation, directly evidencing Fermi level tuning through Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ion adsorption. Notably, the MSC also performed with commendable electrochemical behavior even at ultra\u2010low temperatures down to \u221260\u00b0C and demonstrated effective power generation at high humidity. Also, we tested device reproducibility with remarkable performance and excellent flexibility. These outstanding performances underscore their strong potential for next\u2010generation wearable and environmentally adaptive electronics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:23:41Z","timestamp":1785327821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water\u2010In\u2010Salt Electrolyte Induced Fast Ion Diffusion and Moisture Driven Charging of CNT Inks Based Sustainable Flexible Microsupercapacitor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5501-730X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neeraj","family":"Dhariwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology Nagasaki University  Nagasaki Japan"},{"name":"Materials Analysis &amp; Research Laboratory, Department of Physics Netaji Subhas University of Technology  New Delhi India"},{"name":"Institute For Integrated Cell\u2010Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute For Advanced Study Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8116-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Preety","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Analysis &amp; Research Laboratory, Department of Physics Netaji Subhas University of Technology  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7904-5003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Otake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute For Integrated Cell\u2010Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute For Advanced Study Kyoto University  Kyoto 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