{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T01:28:29Z","timestamp":1793582909390,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"51","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Solar\u2010driven interfacial steam generation (ISSG) has emerged as a promising strategy for decentralized freshwater production. However, developing scalable solar evaporators that combine high evaporation performance, environmental compatibility, and stable operation under varying solar angles remains challenging. Here, we report a compound\u2010eye\u2010inspired three\u2010dimensional solar evaporator based on graphite\u2010containing PET nanofoam (GPF). The GPF was produced by upcycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste. The nonsolvent\u2010induced phase separation process produces a mesoporous and moldable structure with tunable water transport properties, enabling the construction of hemispherical multi\u2010surface evaporators. This architecture provides angle\u2010insensitive solar exposure and an enlarged water\u2010wetted evaporative interface within a fixed projected footprint. As a result, the optimized evaporator achieved a projected\u2010area\u2010normalized evaporation rate of 3.44\u00a0kg m\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    h\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    under 1\u2010sun illumination. In outdoor operation, the integrated evaporation\u2010condensation module produced a freshwater yield of up to 24.4\u00a0kg m\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    over 14\u00a0h under natural sunlight. The enhanced performance arises from the combined effects of expanded evaporation\u2010active area, capillary\u2010sustained water transport, side\u2010surface evaporation, and internal heat redistribution. This result indicates that the 3D\u2010CE improves evaporation through coupled transport and thermal effects, rather than through surface\u2010area enlargement alone. This work presents a potential route for converting waste PET into functional solar evaporators for decentralized freshwater production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:00:51Z","timestamp":1785240051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bio\u2010Inspired Mesoporous Solar Evaporator Enabled by Upcycled PET"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sungdo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality UNIST  Ulsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8602-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sourav","family":"Chaule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality UNIST  Ulsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YuJi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality UNIST  Ulsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8641-1035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Semiconductor Physics &amp; Engineering and Energy Harvest\u2010Storage Research Center University of Ulsan  Ulsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u2010Hyun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality UNIST  Ulsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3184\/003685018X15294876706211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26395940.2023.2299545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw6974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011615108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Water in Crisis: A guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources","author":"Shiklomanov I. 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