{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:57:54Z","timestamp":1792465074914,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"54","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCR19S6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR19S6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>DNA\u2010functionalized nanoparticles (DNA\u2010NPs) can self\u2010assemble into superlattices with unique optical and electronic properties, and their ability to encapsulate macromolecular cargo makes them promising carriers for molecular delivery. To support such applications, crystals with uniform size and high lattice order are required. However, conventional batch crystallization can be affected by\u00a0heterogeneous nucleation,\u00a0convection, and aggregation, leading to broad size distributions and poor structural order. In this paper, we present a\u00a0thermally regulated droplet\u2010microfluidic\u00a0strategy that produces uniform, size\u2010controllable, single\u2010crystallite DNA\u2010functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA\u2010AuNPs) superlattices in monodisperse water\u2010in\u2010oil droplets. Droplets are produced at\u00a065\u00b0C to suppress premature hybridization, and then ultra\u2010slowly cooled to promote near\u2010equilibrium assembly. We identify a predominantly single\u2010crystallite regime in smaller droplets (\u22489\u201323\u00a0\u00b5m) and achieve a ninefold reduction in size variability compared to batch processing. \u00a0Small\u2010angle X\u2010ray scattering analysis indicates that the characteristic domain size remains approximately constant across droplet sizes, suggesting that differences in crystallization behavior arise from size\u2010dependent nucleation statistics rather than intrinsic improvements in crystal quality. Confinement may suppress multi\u2010nucleation and convective perturbations, potentially providing a route to DNA\u2010AuNP superlattices with controllable size, number, and order under confined conditions, which could enable dose\u2010quantized delivery and applications in plasmonic and electronic materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:09:41Z","timestamp":1786363781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thermally Regulated Droplet Microfluidics Enables Uniform, Size\u2010Controllable DNA\u2010Nanoparticle Superlattices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2781-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naotomo","family":"Tottori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3739-8836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miho","family":"Tagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Materials Research (DM) Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS) Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Department of Materials Process Engineering Nagoya University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azusa","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Process Engineering Nagoya University  Nagoya 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