{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:04:12Z","timestamp":1790006652194,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"53","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) exhibits direct and irreversible tubular epithelial cell toxicity, posing multiple therapeutic challenges. To address this, we have developed a class of biocompatible nanomachines for active treatment of AAN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PEG@Ni@MoS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PNM) nanoparticle\u2010based mobile nanomachines, featuring a composite architecture where nickel (Ni) is deposited on molybdenum disulfide (MoS\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) followed by polyethylene glycol (PEG5000) modification, indicate photoelectric response characteristics based on their ion\u2010sputtering construction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These nanomachines exhibit spontaneous self\u2010propulsion in PBS solution under 660\u00a0nm irradiation. This proactive H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      discharge was observed in vitro and may contribute to alleviating renal injury, potentially via modulation of endogenous electric fields, though such currents have not yet been detected in vivo. The amelioration of ferroptosis and the NLRP3\/IL\u20101\u03b2 pathway appears to support renal function homeostasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proposed nanomachine system, with its photoelectric response, locomotory behavior, and active H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      release, represents a promising platform for AAN treatment. However, direct in vivo evidence of current generation and distribution remains to be established, and the proposed electro\u2010modulatory mechanism should be considered hypothetical pending further validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:01:06Z","timestamp":1788433266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Photoelectric Response\u2010Nanomachines for Alleviating Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2030-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy Binzhou Medical University  Yantai People's Republic of 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