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However, the field lacks an integrated design framework that links MXene surface chemistry and colloidal behavior to printability, electrical percolation, and tissue\u2010specific biological outcomes. This review establishes a structure rheology biofunction paradigm for MXene\u2010based bioinks, critically examining how synthesis routes, surface terminations, and oxidation dynamics influence shear\u2010thinning behavior, network formation, and cytocompatibility. We analyze mechanistic pathways underlying cell\u2013material interactions, including electrically mediated signaling and mechanotransduction in three\u2010dimensional constructs. Emerging in vivo studies are evaluated with emphasis on biodistribution, immune modulation, and long\u2010term biodegradation. 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