{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:06:13Z","timestamp":1790345173928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"54","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Li\u2010O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    batteries are a potential next\u2010generation high\u2010energy\u2010density stationary energy storage system. The mechanisms of solution\u2010based discharge processes remain unclear, including superoxide transformation, diffusion of Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and the redox mediation in saturated coordinated systems like iron and cobalt phenanthroline\u2010based (\u2261 redox mediators, RMs) model systems. Here, in situ and ex situ spectroscopy combined with density functional calculations reveal that saturated coordinated redox mediation involves reversible bond\u2010breaking and formation via structural coordination changes. In the presence of RM, the crown\u2010like structure of Li\u2010TEGDME solvation undergoes synergistic transformations via strong coordination with superoxide (Li\u2010Oxo\u2010RM complex pathway), thereby stabilizing intermediates and discharge products via contact ion\u2010pairs in the solution\u2010based discharge process. The interactions between the cations and anions in the solvation sphere, altered by the RM, lead to enhanced ion diffusion and reaction kinetics. This process promotes the capture of LiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    intermediates, enabling solution\u2010phase growth of discharge products while minimizing solvent reactivity and superoxide\u2010related side reactions. Batteries utilizing RMs exhibit significantly reduced polarization (0.28\u20130.41\u00a0V), a sevenfold increase in specific capacity, and a cycle life of nearly 100 cycles compared to non\u2010RM electrolytes. This work provides valuable insights into electrolyte design with precise solvation properties and the chemical influence of advancing metal\u2010air batteries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:07:56Z","timestamp":1785323276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Solvation Engineering via Metal\u2010Phenanthroline Redox Mediators for Efficient Li\u2010O\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Batteries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5643-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhankar","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aninda J.","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research Indian Institute of Science  Bengaluru India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00609"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.07.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2011.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jz1005384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202001789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC02519J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jz401659f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3663385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201300264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja508400m"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CP03592J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c04332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202501040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b02932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic200184c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwac040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0901810jes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2DT31922E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp072383u"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4738754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.09.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.202060300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.3c01674"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp308093b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/batt.201900196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jz400019y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21577\/0103\u20105053.20230008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/chemistry4030050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3MA00971H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acselectrochem.5c00374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CP03341H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE01777C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.7b02227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201205354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201300432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008\u2010013\u20102116\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.84.205446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33961\/jecst.2021.00836"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2017.11.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP05943C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0112647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2020.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11581\u2010018\u20102718\u20109"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.74853","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.74853","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.74853","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:49:30Z","timestamp":1790344170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.74853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"iss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