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Fmoc\u2010FF\u2010OH dipeptide was first covalently anchored onto the TiNT surface, then a secondary layer of the self\u2010assembling FF dipeptide was physically deposited. This technique harnesses the strength of covalent bonds and the extensive surface coverage provided by self\u2010assembling peptides to create a long\u2010lasting, bioactive, and functional surface that promotes superior biocompatibility. The nanotubular topography and peptide\u2010mediated biochemical cues recreate an extracellular matrix\u2013like microenvironment, supporting stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, the self\u2010assembling peptide significantly reduced bacterial adhesion compared to unmodified titanium, demonstrating a marked reduction in bacterial adhesion and early biofilm formation in vitro. Overall, this multifunctional approach combines nanotopographical engineering with peptide\u2010based bioactivity to enhance implant osseointegration and prevent implant\u2010associated infections, offering a promising strategy for next\u2010generation titanium biomedical devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:25:33Z","timestamp":1785414333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hierarchical Peptide Functionalized Titania Nanotubes: Improving Stability, Promoting Osteogenesis, and Reducing Infection Risk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2874-4971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering George Mason University  Fairfax Virginia 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