{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T01:28:29Z","timestamp":1793582909475,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"51","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Developing plasmonic metal\u2010based electrocatalysts for selective and sensitive biomolecular sensing remains an important research focus. Herein, a facile non\u2010enzymatic electrochemical sensing platform based on Au@Ag\n                    <jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>\n                    core\u2013shell nanocubes (NCs)\u2010modified glassy carbon electrode is reported for the simultaneous detection of three kidney dysfunction biomarkers (KDBs): creatinine (Crn), uric acid (UA), and xanthine (Xan). Among different shell thicknesses, Au@Ag\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    NC exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity, showing well\u2010resolved diffusion\u2010controlled oxidation peaks, enhanced current response, interference\u2010free detection, and good long\u2010term stability. The enhanced catalytic performance is attributed to interfacial tensile strain and electronegativity differences between the Au core and Ag shell, generating a positively charged surface which is favorable for electron rich analyte adsorption. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further revealed enhanced charge transfer between the adsorbates (KDBs) and Au@Ag\n                    <jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub>\n                    NC surfaces with increasing Ag\u2010shell thickness, supporting the experimental observations. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) demonstrated a wide linear detection range from nM to mM concentrations with limits of detection (LOD) of 20.6, 28.0, and 34.3\u00a0nM for Crn, UA, and Xan, respectively. The proposed nanocatalytic platform also showed satisfactory recovery in human bio\u2010fluid analysis, highlighting its potential for multiplexed kidney biomarker sensing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.74959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:43:01Z","timestamp":1785739381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shell Thickness Regulated Non\u2010Enzymatic Au@AgNanocube Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive and Simultaneous Analytical Detection of Three Important Kidney Dysfunction Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5589-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysical Science Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics  Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0532-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanmay","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency For Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  Singapore Republic of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6779-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayushi","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harish\u2010Chandra Research Institute AC.I. of Homi Bhabha National Institute  Prayagraj India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1697-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Provakar","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysical Science Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics  Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5920-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjoy","family":"Nayek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysical Science Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics  Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5212-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tisita","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harish\u2010Chandra Research Institute AC.I. of Homi Bhabha National Institute  Prayagraj India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5002-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dulal","family":"Senapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysical Science Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics  Kolkata West Bengal India"},{"name":"Homi Bhabha National Institute Training School Complex  Mumbai Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Scientific Basis of Urology","author":"Vaidya S. 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