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However, realizing robust nonvolatile storage with synergistic electrical and optical modulation in 2D devices remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a high\u2010performance floating\u2010gate memory based on a ReS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/h\u2010BN\/Ta\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NiSe\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    van der Waals heterostructure. Under precise photo\u2010electrical cooperative modulation, the device exhibits excellent nonvolatile memory characteristics, including a large memory window of 96.2\u00a0V, long retention exceeding 10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    s, and stable endurance over 1000 cycles. Additionally, it features multi\u2010bit storage capabilities enabled by optical erasure and electrical writing. Beyond digital storage, the device effectively mimics biological synaptic plasticity, such as paired\u2010pulse facilitation and learning processes. Validating its potential for neuromorphic vision systems, a simulated three\u2010layer artificial neural network achieves a high recognition accuracy of 96.43% on the MNIST dataset. This work establishes a promising paradigm for future integrated sensing, storage, and computation applications based on 2D materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T07:26:29Z","timestamp":1786173989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Robust Nonvolatile Memory and Synaptic Emulation via Dual\u2010Mode Modulation in ReS\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \/h\u2010BN\/Ta\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    NiSe\n                    <sub>5<\/sub>\n                    Floating\u2010Gate Device"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Low Dimensional Materials and Intelligent Devices Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shaanxi Provincial Basic Discipline (Surface and Interface Chemistry) Research Center Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Low Dimensional Materials and Intelligent Devices Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shaanxi Provincial Basic Discipline (Surface and Interface Chemistry) Research Center Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Low Dimensional Materials and Intelligent Devices Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shaanxi Provincial Basic Discipline (Surface and Interface Chemistry) Research Center Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Low Dimensional Materials and Intelligent Devices Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shaanxi Provincial Basic Discipline (Surface and Interface Chemistry) Research Center Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaodong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Low Dimensional Materials and Intelligent Devices Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shaanxi Provincial Basic Discipline (Surface and Interface Chemistry) Research Center Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bozhi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Low Dimensional Materials and Intelligent Devices Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shaanxi Provincial Basic Discipline (Surface and Interface Chemistry) Research Center Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University  Xi'an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Low Dimensional 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