{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:45:14Z","timestamp":1791888314236,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"57","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52472172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52472172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91333203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91333203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52471018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52471018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oxide nanostructures hold great promise for next\u2010generation gas\u2010sensing technologies owing to their chemical stability, rich surface chemistry, and tunable electronic properties. However, controlled epitaxial growth of oxide nanostructures remains challenging, particularly for V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    , a highly promising material for hydrogen detection. Here, we develop a space\u2010confinement chemical vapor deposition strategy that enables epitaxial growth of highly ordered V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanowire arrays on r\u2010Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    substrates. The confined geometry precisely regulates gas\u2010phase transport and surface reaction kinetics, allowing morphology control via confinement distance and yielding single\u2010crystalline nanowires with atomically sharp interfaces. Upon Pd decoration, V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanowire array sensors demonstrate remarkable hydrogen\u2010sensing performance, featuring high sensitivity, low optimal operating temperatures down to room temperature, and rapid response\/recovery dynamics. Moreover, flexible single\u2010nanowire sensors maintain stable performance under repeated mechanical deformation. This work provides fundamental insight into space\u2010confinement epitaxy of nanostructures and establishes a scalable route toward flexible, low\u2010power, and high\u2010performance gas sensors for future wearable and intelligent environmental monitoring technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T06:23:16Z","timestamp":1786170196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Space\u2010Confinement Epitaxy of Single\u2010Crystalline V\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>5<\/sub>\n                    Nanowire Arrays for High\u2010Performance and Flexible Hydrogen Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sirui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanwen","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunna","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan University  Qinhuangdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0886-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhizhen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2592-8043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-0625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oxide Semiconductors for Environmental and Optoelectronic Applications Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2003.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c05307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010019\u20100325\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.0c02794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201055534\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202204636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820\u2010022\u201000956\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP07799D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.5b00123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c04398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.08.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am505127g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA00135D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.3c01810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5059560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4978248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160\u2010022\u201000182\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010023\u201001340\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44160\u2010024\u201000714\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102526\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2021.113179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010020\u20100665\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2021.110675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/colloids7010020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2021.103807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.3c01844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.04.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854\u2010018\u20109459\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2015.06.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA18848F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.01.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am509182s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA16564K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2017.10.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010019\u20100542\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201038198\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039213\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.05.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.134071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2024.177089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854\u2010023\u201009826\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b00578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925\u20104005(01)00732\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.137235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2024.135582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.163812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202515674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CE01711F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427\u2010021\u201000311\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn303745e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201702448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0108270186091825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vibspec.2011.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA01316F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2010.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2024.108426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.07.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853\u2010019\u201003843\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202105643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10832\u2010024\u201000378\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.202000341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15533170500359794"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfin.2020.100502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2020.105528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-020-03596-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0268\u20101242\/29\/9\/095005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427\u2010018\u20100029\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2012.10.041"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75100","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.75100","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:50:01Z","timestamp":1791885001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.75100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"57","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.75100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.75100","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e75100"}}