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In this work, L\u2010cysteine\u2010derived carbon\u2010modified SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C) was prepared hydrothermally and combined with urea\u2010derived g\u2010C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    to form a 2D\/2D heterostructure. CHNS analysis confirmed that SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C contained 0.53 \u00b1 0.01\u00a0wt.% carbon, while ToF\u2010SIMS depth profiling showed a stronger carbon signal than pristine SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , confirming successful carbon modification. Carbon modification induced lattice distortion and strain without altering the hexagonal SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    structure and improved its dispersion on g\u2010C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The SnS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010C\/g\u2010C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    heterostructure achieved 98.8% Cr(VI) reduction within 10\u00a0min (\ud835\udc58\n                    <jats:sub>app<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.202 min\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and 96% 4\u2010NP reduction within 120\u00a0min (\ud835\udc58\n                    <jats:sub>app<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.021 min\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Experimental characterization and density functional theory calculations indicate enhanced interfacial charge redistribution (\u223c1.03 e transfer) and stronger adsorption of Cr(VI) intermediates. Valence\u2010band XPS, optical band\u2010gap measurements, work\u2010function analysis, and DFT calculations consistently support a direct S\u2010scheme charge\u2010transfer pathway, which promotes efficient charge separation and preserves highly reducing electrons for the photocatalytic reduction of both Cr(VI) and 4\u2010NP. These findings show that carbon modification regulates interfacial electronic interactions and, together with S\u2010scheme charge separation, enhances photocatalytic reduction of inorganic and organic pollutants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T17:33:13Z","timestamp":1786383193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carbon\u2010Modified SnS\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \/g\u2010C\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    N\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    S\u2010Scheme Heterostructure with Enhanced Interfacial Charge Transfer for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) and 4\u2010Nitrophenol"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Dhayanantha Prabu","family":"Jaihindh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Center for Circular Economy Chung Yuan Christian University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh Kumar Dhanthala","family":"Chittibabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics Chung Yuan Christian University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella Janed Johana","family":"Sijabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Center for Circular Economy Chung Yuan Christian University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saravanakumar","family":"Muthusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica  Taipei 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