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However, their activity and durability in proton exchange membrane (PEM)\u2013relevant acidic conditions are not fully understood, limiting their use in water electrolyzers. This review critically discusses recent advances in perovskite\u2010based electrocatalysts, covering design, synthesis strategies, morphological engineering, reaction mechanisms, and degradation pathways. Fundamental design principles based on A\u2010\/B\u2010site engineering, defect chemistry, metal\u2013oxygen covalency, active\u2010site optimization, and controlled surface reconstruction are discussed together with emerging oxide pathway mechanisms. Particular emphasis is placed on bridging fundamental electrochemical studies with practical implementation through membrane electrode assembly design, catalyst\u2010layer optimization, in situ evaluation, and realistic performance benchmarking. 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