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Here, we report a rapid and scalable synthesis of gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) using modified benzenethiols as both reducing and capping agents. Benzenethiols bearing electron\u2010donating substituents promoted rapid Au\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    reduction and anisotropic branch growth, completing particle formation in less than 10\u00a0s without seed preparation or organic\u2010aqueous transfer steps. The resulting AuNFs had abundant plasmonic hot spots and intrinsic Raman reporters, serving as dual\u2010modality probes for colorimetry and surface\u2010enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). When integrated into lateral flow assays, AuNFs markedly enhanced analytical sensitivity. In oxycodone detection, limits of detection reached 4.48\u00a0pg\/mL (colorimetry) and 0.38\u00a0fg\/mL (SERS), representing 700\u2010fold and 1,200\u2010fold improvements, respectively, over spherical gold nanoparticles. This performance enabled accurate quantification of oxycodone in plasma samples from murine addiction models. The developed method provides a practical route for preparing high\u2010performance plasmonic nanomaterials for applications in biosensing, catalysis, and analytical chemistry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T10:19:01Z","timestamp":1787048341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electron\u2010Donating Benzenethiols Direct Rapid Formation of Plasmonic Gold Nanoflowers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9943-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin\u2010Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts 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