{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:20:32Z","timestamp":1787743232079,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52473024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52473024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Flexible epidermal electrodes often suffer from performance degradation under harsh conditions, such as high humidity, low temperature, and accelerated aging. Drawing inspiration from the bicontinuous structure of coral reef exoskeletons, we developed a bio\u2010mimetic conformal dry electrode (CGAg@PUA) that integrates a highly conductive skeleton with an adhesive matrix. Gravity\u2010driven self\u2010deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the lower electrode surface creates planar bicontinuous conductive paths. The PUA matrix, featuring polydimethylsiloxane soft segments, offers superior elasticity, adhesion, and low\u2010temperature resistance. Additionally, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and graphene (GR) dispersed in the matrix establish continuous 3D conductive pathways. CGAg@PUA exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and biological safety in cytotoxicity assessments. After 24\u00a0h of accelerated aging, the CGAg@PUA\u201020 electrode retained 57.3 \u00b1 6.3% of its initial adhesion strength and 75.5 \u00b1 4.8% of its tensile strength on non\u2010degreased porcine skin. The in situ adhesion strength on non\u2010degreased porcine skin reached 566.2 \u00b1 32.4\u00a0kPa at \u221280\u00b0C. At 10\u00a0Hz, the skin interface impedance of the CGAg@PUA\u201020 electrode was 91.4 \u00b1 5.2 k\u03a9\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , while after immersion in deionized water for 24\u00a0h, the impedance decreased by 6%. At last, the CGAg@PUA electrode demonstrates stable, prolonged capability to acquire high\u2010quality electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography (EMG), and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:40:19Z","timestamp":1787740819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioinspired Epidermal Electrode With Excellent Environmental Tolerance and Adhesion for Robust Electrophysiological Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Lixia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of Technology  Ningbo People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hengshui University  Hengshui People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzhong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Hengshui University  Hengshui People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiyang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University  Ningbo Zhejiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meishan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of Technology  Ningbo People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Rubber\u2010Plastics School of Polymer Science and Engineering Ministry of Education\/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber\u2010plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology  Qingdao People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-4794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changcheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences  Ningbo People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of Technology  Ningbo People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3502-8738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of Technology  Ningbo People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202505543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c17062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-025-00380-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2025.101059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202508041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202419250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20240232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202419002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202309704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202401035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202504481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"Gas\u2010Permeable and Anti\u2010Freezing Organohydrogel Epidermal Electrodes for Long\u2010Term Health Monitoring","volume":"8","author":"Yang J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3QM00902E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202400161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.158735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00718B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.175053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2023.132272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378\u2010025\u201000908\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","article-title":"A Stretchable, Sensitive, and Stable Cluster\u2010Hydrogel Electrode for Long\u2010Term Clinical Surveillance of Parkinson's Disease","volume":"36","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Advanced Functional Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2024.118820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2025.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202200457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202312149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/NR.2025.94907862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.3c01011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c07558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201902578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA09205K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c12687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.138261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.4c00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12105280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b02182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b06484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2021.109213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.4c01430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c01233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2022.108092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018503\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2025.102999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.170106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146628"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.144907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2615835123"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75346","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.75346","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75346","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:40:21Z","timestamp":1787740821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.75346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.75346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.75346","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e75346"}}