{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:59:29Z","timestamp":1790884769935,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"55","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multi\u2010resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR\u2010TADF) emitters have gained considerable attention to solve the color purity issue in organic light\u2010emitting diode (OLED) commercialization. However, their slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (k\n                    <jats:sub>RISC<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) leads to the severe efficiency roll\u2010off and reduced operational stability. To address this limitation, phosphorescence\u2010sensitized fluorescence (PSF) technology has been widely adopted. Nevertheless, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of PSF OLED is relatively low compared to TADF\u2010sensitized fluorescence (TSF) OLED, where the relatively low radiative rate (k\n                    <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) (\u223c10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2013 10\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) of phosphorescence sensitizer (PS) limits the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) rate and exciton utilization in PSF OLEDs. This review, describes the techniques to improve the FRET rate by optimizing the physical parameters related to it. From the analysis, the FRET rate of the PSF OLEDs can be enhanced by improving the terminal emitters' (TE's) extinction coefficient (\u03b5) and a large spectral overlap (J) with PS emission. Further, utilizing the dual\u2010channel energy transfer process, combined with high T\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    exciplex host system to suppress the back energy transfer (BET) from PS to the host, resulting in high EQE. Furthermore, the stability of the PSF OLED can be improved by the utilization of a highly stable intrinsic ET\u2010type host, and TE materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1787400316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strategies for Enhancing Efficiency and Operational Stability in Green Phosphorescence\u2010Sensitized Fluorescence (PSF) Organic Light\u2010Emitting Diode (OLED) Technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Odugu Pavan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab. (OODL) Department of Information Display Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha Vergineya","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab. (OODL) Department of Information Display Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghana","family":"Tirupati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab. (OODL) Department of Information Display Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aradhya","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab. (OODL) Department of Information Display Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang Hyuk","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Optoelectronic Device Lab. (OODL) Department of Information Display Kyung Hee University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.98799"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102684\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11687"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202521312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047307\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.46.L10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201300547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15980316.2021.2000514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2020.00725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00368K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja306538w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201702767"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b00450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1603282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CC09612G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","article-title":"Controlling 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