{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T11:35:27Z","timestamp":1793100927737,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"60","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding how lattice oxygen participates in gas sensing remains a challenge in metal\u2010oxide chemistry. Here, we combine operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), operando Raman spectroscopy, ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in situ X\u2010ray diffraction, electrical measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the ethanol\u2010sensing mechanism of Pt\u2010loaded WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanocrystals. Among the compositions, 1Pt\u2010WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibits the highest ethanol response (S = 98.8 at 350\u00b0C), sixfold higher than pristine WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Reversible changes in the W\u2013O vibrational region, together with an EtOH\u2010induced EPR signal at g = 2.007 and DRIFTS results, support the formation of reduced W species and oxygen\u2010vacancies during ethanol exposure and reoxidation of reduced W species and oxygen vacancy healing by O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In situ XRD showed no bulk phase transformation, consistent with a redox process occurring at the surface or near\u2010surface region. Under oxygen\u2010containing atmospheres, vacancy healing restores lattice integrity and stabilizes sensor performance. Pt acts as a catalytic mediator that facilitates O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    activation and promotes oxidation of partial\u2010oxidation intermediates toward CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , thereby amplifying sensor response. These results establish a near\u2010surface lattice\u2010oxygen redox cycle as a key mechanistic feature of ethanol sensing and provide a basis for the design of high\u2010performance metal\u2010oxide gas sensors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:29:43Z","timestamp":1787398183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Probing Lattice\u2010Oxygen Redox in Pt\u2010WO\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    Nanocrystals by Operando Spectroscopy: Bridging Surface Chemistry and Ethanol Sensing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Soki","family":"Yoneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology (GSST) Kumamoto University  Kumamoto 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