{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T07:23:10Z","timestamp":1787556190553,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The practical viability of lithium\u2013air batteries (LABs) in semi\u2010open systems is severely hindered by the hygroscopic nature of extrinsic lithium salts, which trigger parasitic reactions. Herein, we report a shift from traditional salt addition to an intrinsic ion\u2010generation strategy by designing a thermodynamically self\u2010limiting, salt\u2010free electrolyte (SLE). By harnessing the interfacial reactivity between EMIMTFSI and the lithium anode, we elucidate a dual\u2010pathway mechanism involving radical cleavage and dealkylation coordination. This in situ self\u2010lithiation kinetically halts after involving only \u223c11% of the EMIM\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    species, while metallic lithium oxidation generates intrinsic Li\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    carriers and constructs an organic\u2013inorganic mosaic solid electrolyte interphase enriched with lithium carbide\u2010related species, LiF, and Li\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N. This hydrophobic microenvironment regulates the permeation of atmospheric species and modulates discharge\u2010product chemistry through trace moisture and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Consequently, SLE\u2010based batteries exhibit atmosphere\u2010adaptive electrochemistry, delivering a lifespan exceeding 280\u00a0h in ambient air and outperforming the pure\u2010oxygen system (218\u00a0h). Mechanistic analyses further indicate that terminal cell failure is associated with solvation\u2010induced kinetic freezing rather than dominant chemical degradation. This work establishes a framework for exploiting controlled interfacial reactivity toward self\u2010adaptive energy storage in ambient environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T07:12:08Z","timestamp":1787555528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atmosphere Adaptive Lithium\u2013Air Batteries Enabled by Thermodynamically Self\u2010Limiting Salt\u2010Free Electrolytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Shuhao","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liandong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qujia","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanrao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meini","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiuqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201903459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja208608s"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.03.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1.3168564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2025.104791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202523411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202505539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202502150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202522879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl5031985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202411747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.0c00595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.201200810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee40795k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2019.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202403521"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja302178w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.06.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.116049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2023.126501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202500452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.6b03433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2023.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201605531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201500213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202210859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.0c03720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202003092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c12469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2024.100310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c07167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ee23966g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c01662"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.7b00792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c18523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ee03682g"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75402","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/smll.75402","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.75402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T07:12:09Z","timestamp":1787555529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.75402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.75402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.75402","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e75402"}}