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However, balancing signal quality and wearing comfort remains a challenge: wet electrodes suffer from gel dehydration, whereas conventional dry electrodes often exhibit high impedance and mechanical instability. Here, we present a flexible microneedle array (fMNA) electrode fabricated using a scalable micro\u2010electro\u2010mechanical system process. The electrode comprises octagonal pyramidal silicon microneedles coated with Au\/Cr on a flexible parylene substrate, providing high conductivity, mechanical robustness, and conformal scalp contact. Integrated with a specialized denoising algorithm, the fMNA achieved a contact impedance of 7.6 k\u03a9@10 Hz, 1\u20132 orders of magnitude lower than that of commercial wet electrodes. It also exhibited excellent durability and flexibility, with a minimum bending radius of 3 mm. Its recording performance was systematically validated through electroencephalographic visual evoked potential and cognitive engagement experiments, together with electrooculography. Compared with wet electrodes, the fMNA produced 41%\u201346% higher signal amplitudes, a higher signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio, improved stability, lower impedance drift, and fewer motion artifacts. These results establish the fMNA as a versatile platform for high\u2010quality electrophysiological recording and long\u2010term wearable bioelectronic monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:52:35Z","timestamp":1788328355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flexible Microneedle Array Electrode with Improved Comfort, Low Impedance, and High Performance for Electrophysiological Recording"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8587-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heping","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"},{"name":"Zhuzhou CRRC Times Semiconductor Co. 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Zhuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the 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