{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T07:17:31Z","timestamp":1788160651753,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22475115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22475115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Two\u2010dimensional (2D) network\u2010structured materials, encompassing 2D polymers and covalent organic frameworks, have captivated researchers with their highly ordered, porous architectures that promote efficient mass transport and versatile functionalities across diverse applications. However, fabricating crystalline 2D network membranes with precise functionalization and ultrathin profiles remains a persistent challenge, often limited by defect formation or scalability issues. Herein, we introduce a novel interfacial strategy employing photo\u2010triggered [2 + 2] cycloaddition at the air\/water interface to synthesize ultrathin (\u223c1.5\u00a0nm), crystalline 2D network membranes from styrylpyridine\u2010armed monomers. This approach capitalizes on the reaction's topochemical specificity and irreversibility, enabling stable cyclobutane linkages under mild conditions and enriching structural diversity beyond reversible chemistries. Comprehensive characterization affirmed the membranes\u2019 ordered hexagonal lattice with ABC stacking and uniform porosity. As a proof\u2010of\u2010concept application in osmotic energy conversion, these membranes yielded a power density of 18.9\u00a0W m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    under a 500\u2010fold concentration gradient, highlighting their ion\u2010selective nanofluidic capabilities. The method's novelty resides in its ability to unlock cyclobutane\u2010based architectures with ring strain for novel reactivity, while offering a scalable platform for enhancements in pore size and charge density. This versatile synthesis not only addresses key fabrication hurdles but also underscores the membranes\u2019 potential in energy harvesting, ion transport, and related technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.75484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:58:52Z","timestamp":1788159532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial Synthesis of Two\u2010Dimensional Network Membranes for Osmotic Energy Conversion"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Fuchun","family":"Nan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Polymer and Manufacturing Technology College of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology  Qingdao People's Republic of 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Laboratory  Suzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinmeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bio\u2010inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2668-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Polymer and Manufacturing Technology College of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology  Qingdao People's Republic of 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